时文阅读Word文档下载推荐.docx
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时文阅读Word文档下载推荐.docx
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serversinAmericaandtheNetherlands.Butasoneplacebecomesunfriendly,
spammersmovesomewhereelse.Internetconnectionsinpoorandill-runcountries
areimprovingfasterthantheauthoritiestherecanpolicethem.Thatwon’tendsoon.
Inanycase,therealproblemisnotthemessage,butthelink.Sometimesan
unwiseclickleadsonlytoawebsitethatsellscounterfeit8pills.Butitcanalsoleadto
apagethatinfectsyourcomputerwithavirusoranotherpieceofmalicioussoftware
thatthenstealsyourpasswordsorusesyourmachineforotherimmoralpurposes.
Spamwasneveraboute-mail;
itwasaboutconvincingustoclick.Tothespammer,it
needstobedecidedwhetherthelinkise-mailedorliked.
Thepolicearedoingwhattheycan,andsoftwarecompanieskeepontightening
security.Butspamisnotjustahack9oracrime,itisasocialproblem,too.Ifyoulook
beyondthecomputersthatliebetweenaspammerandhismark,youcanseeallthe
classictechniquesofacon-man:
buythisstock,beforeeveryoneelsedoes.Buythese
pills,thiswatch,cheaperthananyoneelsecan.Thespammerplaysupontheuniversal
humandesiretobelievethatwearesmarterthananyonegivesuscreditfor,andthat
thingscanbehadfornothing.Asinotherwalksoflife,peoplebecomewiserandtake
precautionsonlywhentheyhavelearnedwhathappenswhentheydon’t.
Thatiswhythespammers’newarena10—socialnetworks—issoeffective.Afew
fiddlesmighthelp,suchastougherdefaultprivacysettingsonsocialnetworks.But
therealproblemisman,notthemachine.Publicbehaviourstilltreatstheinternetlike
avillage,inwhichnewfacesarewelcomeandanti-socialbehaviourararity.Abetter
analogywouldbearailwaystationinabigcity,wherehustlers11gathertopreyonthe
credulity12ofnewarrivals.Wisebehaviourinsuchplacesistowalkfast,avoideye
contactandbecautiouswithstrangers.Trythatonline.
1.spam/spæ
m/n.垃圾邮件
2.filter/ˈfɪltə/n.过滤器;
滤光器;
筛选过滤程序
3.unsolicited/ˌʌnsəˈlɪsɪtɪd/adj.未经请求的,自发的
考拉进阶英语—时文阅读50篇
2
4.nuisance/ˈnjuːsəns/n.麻烦事,讨厌的人或东西
5.menace/ˈmenəs/n.威胁,恐吓;
危险气氛;
烦人的人或事物
6.vaultover越过
7.hurdle/ˈhɜːdl/n.障碍;
跨栏,栏
8.counterfeit/ˈkaʊntəfɪt/n.伪造,仿造,制假
9.hack/hæ
k/n.砍,劈;
供出租的马;
出租车司机;
非法侵入(他人计算机系统)
10.arena/əˈriːnə/n.圆形运动场,圆形剧场;
竞技舞台,活动场所
11.hustler/ˈhʌslə/n.耍诡计骗钱的人
12.credulity/krɪˈduːlɪtɪ/n.轻信
Passage2
AGenetoExplainDepression
(2011.1.3Time)[459words]
Aspowerfulasgenesareinexposingcluestodiseases,
noteventhemostpassionategeneticist1believesthat
complexconditionssuchasdepressioncanbereducedtoa
tell-tale2stringofDNA.
Butanewstudyconfirmsearlierevidencethata
particulargene,involvedinferrying3abrainchemical
criticaltomoodknownasserotonin4,mayplayaroleintriggering5themental
disorderinsomepeople.
ResearchersledbyDr.SrijanSen,aprofessorofpsychiatryatUniversityof
Michigan,reportintheArchives6ofGeneralPsychiatrythatindividualswitha
particularformoftheserotonintransportergeneweremorevulnerabletodeveloping
depressionwhenfacedwithstressfullifeeventssuchashavingaseriousmedical
illnessorbeingavictimofchildhoodabuse.Theformofthegenethatthese
individualsinheritpreventsthemood-regulatingserotoninfrombeingre-absorbedby
nervecellsinthebrain.Havingsuchalow-functioningversionofthetransporter
startingearlyinlifeappearstosettheseindividualsupfordevelopingdepressionlater
on,althoughtheexactrelationshipbetweenthisgene,stress,anddepressionisn’t
clearyet.
Sen’sresultsconfirmthoseofaground-breaking7studyin2003,inwhich
scientistsforthefirsttimeconfirmedthelinkbetweengenesandenvironmentin
depression.Inthatstudy,whichinvolvedmorethan800subjects,individualswiththe
genecodingforthelessfunctionalserotonintransporterweremorelikelytodevelop
depressionfollowingastressfullifeeventthanthosewiththemorefunctionalformof
thegene.Butthesefindingswerequestionedbya2009analysisinwhichscientists
pooled814studiesinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweentheserotonintransporter
gene,depressionandstress,andfoundnoheightenedriskofdepressionamongthose
withdifferentversionsofthegene.
“OneofthehopesIhaveisthatwecansettlethisstory,andmoveontolooking
morebroadlyacrossthegenome9formorefactorsrelatedtodepression,”hesays.
“Ideallywewouldliketofindapanelofdifferentgeneticvariationsthatgotogether
tohelpuspredictwhoisgoingtorespondpoorlytostress,andwhomightrespond
welltospecifictypesoftreatmentasopposedtoothers.”Hebelievesthatthe2009
3
findingsdonotcontradictthosefrom2003,orthelatestresults,butratherreflecta
differenceinthewaythestudywasconducted.
Senstresses,however,thatthisgeneisonlyoneplayerinthecastofgeneticand
environmentalfactorsthatcontributetodepression.“Allthingsconsidered,thisgene
isarelativelysmallfactor,andforthisfindingtobeclinically10useful,wereallyneed
tofindmany,manymorefactors.Ultimatelywemayidentifynewpathwaysthatare
involvedindepressiontocomeupwithnewandbettertreatments.”
1.geneticist/dʒɪˈnetɪsɪst/n.遗传学家
2.tell-tale/ˈtelˈteɪl/adj.暴露实情的,能说明问题的
3.ferry/ˈferɪ/vt.渡运,摆渡
4.serotonin/ˌsɪərəʊˈtəʊnɪn/n.[生化]血清素,5-羟色胺(神经递质,易影响情绪等)
5.trigger/ˈtrɪɡə/vt.触发,引发;
开动,启动
6.archive/ˈɑːkaɪv/n.档案馆;
档案文件
7.ground-breaking/ˈgraʊndˌbreɪkɪŋ/adj.开创性的;
创新的
8.pool/puːl/vt.合伙经营;
集中(智慧等);
共享,分享
9.genome/ˈʤiːnəʊm/n.[生]基因组;
[生]染色体组
10.clinically/ˈklɪnɪklɪ/adv.临床地;
冷淡地;
通过临床诊断
Passage3
SecondThoughtsonOnlineEducation
(2010.9NewYorkTimes)[415words]
Letthecomputerdotheteaching.Somestudies,expert
opinionandcostpressuresallpointtowardacontinuingshift
ofeducationonline.
Amajorstudylastyear,fundedbytheEducation
Department,whichcoveredcomparativeresearchover12
years,concludedthatonlinelearningonaveragebeat
face-to-faceteachingbyamodest1butstatisticallymeaningfulmargin2.
BillGates,whosefoundationfundsalotofeducationprograms,predictedlast
monththatinfiveyearsmuchofcollegeeducationwillhavegoneonline.“The
self-motivatedlearnerwillbeontheWeb,”Mr.Gatessaid,speakingatthe
TechonomyconferenceinLakeTahoe.“Collegeneedstobelessplace-based.”
Butrecentresearch,publishedasaNationalBureauofEconomicResearch
workingpaper,comestoadifferentconclusion.“Arushtoonlineeducationmay
comeatmoreofacostthaneducatorsmaysuspect,”theauthorswrite.
Theresearchwasahead-to-headexperiment,comparingthegradesachievedin
thesameintroductoryeconomicsclassbystudents—onegrouponline,andonein
classroomlectures.
Certaingroupsdidnotablyworseonline.Hispanic3studentsonlinefellnearlya
fullgradelowerthanHispanicstudentsthattookthecourseinclass.Malestudents
didaboutahalf-gradeworseonline,asdidlow-achievers,whichhadcollege
grade-pointaveragesbelowthemeanfortheuniversity.
Thedifferencecertainlywasnotattributable4tomachinesreplacinga
tutorial-stylehumanteachingenvironment.Instead,theclassroomwasalargelecture
hallseatinghundredsofstudents.
4
Initially,DavidFiglio,aneconomistatNorthwesternUniversityandco-authorof
thepaper,saidhehadthoughtthattheflexibility5oftheInternet—theabilityto“go
backandrollthetape”—wouldprobablygivetheonlinecoursework6anedgeover
traditional“chalkandtalkteaching.”
Theonlinelectureswerewelldone,usingaprofessionalproducerand
cameraman7.“Ithadverymuchthefeelofbeingintheroom,”Mr.Figliosaid.
Sowhataccountsforthedifferenceinoutcomes8?
Mr.Figliohasafewtheories.
Forthepoorerperformanceofmalesandlower-achievers,hesaysthetime-shifting
convenienceoftheWebmadeiteasierforstudentstoputoffviewingthelecturesand
cram9justbeforethetest,atactic10unlikelytoproducethebestpossibleresults.
It’spartlyastereotype11butalsopartlytrue,Mr.Figliosays,thatfemalestudents
tendtobebetterattimemanagement,spreadingtheirstudytimeoverasemester,than
males.“AndtheInternetmakesiteasiertoputoff12theunpleasantthing,attending
thelecture,”hesaid.
1.modest/ˈmɔdɪst/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的;
适中的,适度的;
些许的
2.margin/ˈmɑ:
dʒɪn/n.页边空白;
边,边缘;
差数,差额
3.Hispanic/hɪsˈpæ
nɪk/adj.西班牙和葡萄牙的
4.attributable/əˈtrɪbjətəbl/adj.可归因于,可能由于
5.flexibility/ˌfleksɪˈbɪlɪtɪ/n.灵活性;
柔韧性
6.coursework/ˈkɔ:
swɜ:
k/n.课程作业
7.cameraman/ˈkæ
mərəmæ
n/n.摄影师
8.outcome/ˈaʊtkʌm/n.结果
9.cram/kræ
m/v.挤满,塞满;
临时死记硬背
10.tactic/ˈtæ
ktɪk/n.兵法;
方法,策略;
手段;
招数
11.s
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