英语报刊选读作业答案11文档格式.docx
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英语报刊选读作业答案11文档格式.docx
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Keys:
1.Givethedefinitionofthefollowingterms.
1)feature
aprominentorspecialarticle,story,ordepartmentinanewspaperorperiodical.
2)editorial
anarticleinapublicationexpressingtheopinionofitseditorsorpublishers.
3)op-ed
oforbeinganewspaperpage,usuallyoppositetheeditorialpage,thatfeaturessignedarticlesexpressingpersonalviewpoints
4)invertedpyramid
Theinvertedpyramidisatraditionalformofwritinginwhichthenewsisstackedinparagraphsinorderofdescendingimportance.Theleadsummarizestheprincipalitemsofanewsevent.Thesecondparagraphandeachsucceedingparagraphcontainsecondaryorsupportingdetailsinorderofdecreasingsignificance.Alltheparagraphsinthestorycontainnewsworthyinformation,buteachparagraphislessvitalthantheonebeforeit.Inverted-pyramidformputstheclimaxofastoryatthebeginning,inthelead.
5)lead
Aleadisaterseopeningparagraphthatprovidesthegistofthestoryandinvitesreadersinside.
2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhardnewsandsoftnews?
Hardnewsevents,suchaskillings,andspeechesbyleadinggovernmentofficials,aretimelyandarereportedalmostautomaticallybythemedia.Softnewsevents,suchasacarwashbyafourth-graderstoraisemoneyforaclassmatewithcancer,arenotusuallyconsideredimmediatelyimportantortimelytoawideaudience.Theseeventsstillcontainelementsofnews,however,andthemediaoftenreportthem.
3.Whatisthedifferencebetweennewsandfeatures?
Anewsstoryemphasizesthefactsoftheevent,whilethefeaturedisplacesthefactstoaccommodatethehumaninterestofthestory.
4.Whatarethemajorcriteriafornewsworthiness?
Proximity
Prominence
Timeliness
Impact
ConflictandControversy
Uniqueness
Humaninterest
5.Whataretheprinciplesofnewswriting?
Newswritingtendstobe:
1.Impersonaltomakeitappearobjective(todistancethereporterfromthestory)hence:
–Writteninthethirdperson
–Useofdirectspeechorindirectspeechwhichisattributedtosomeoneotherthanthereporter,
–Someuseofpassiveverbsbutusuallyonlywhensomeonewhoisbeingquotedwantstodistancethemselvesfromanissueandtoshowobjectivelyaboutnissue.
2.Aboutsomethingthathastakenplacesomostlywritteninthepasttense.
3.Simple–Infactclosetothewaywetalk–relativelyshortsentencesandwordsandsomeuseofcliché
swhichthewholeaudienceunderstand.
4.Punchy–itmustgrabthereader’sattentionsooftenuses:
–shortratherthanlongwords
–activeverbs
–relativelyshortsentences
–concreteratherthanabstractvocabulary
–sometimesemotiveandcolorfulvocabulary
–someuse(butnotoveruse)ofadjectives
5.Butalsorelativelyformalhence:
–nouseofcontractions
–sentenceswritteninfull(noelision)orellipticalsentences
6.sometimesimageryisusedtohelpcreateaclearermentalpictureforthereader.
7.oftenincludingthereporter’sby-lineand/oradate-line
6.Readthefollowingheadlinesandanalyzethefeaturesofthelanguagetheyuse.
a)MoreIraqisSaidtoFleeSinceTroopRise
Whenpassivevoiceisusedinheadlines,“tobe”isalwaysomitted.Here“are”in“MoreIraqisaresaidtoflee…”isomitted.Nounsandnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.Nounphraseswhichactuallyexpressactionsorstateareheavilyused,andtheyarederivedfromverbphrasesinordertomakethesentencesmorecompactandsavespacewithoutloweringtheamountofinformationconveyed.Insteadof“sincethetrooprises”,nounphrase“trooprise”isused.
b)Insurgentraidkills22villagers
Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.Thepresenttensegivesthesubjectasenseoffreshnessandimmediacy,makingitmoreinterestingtoread.Insteadofusing“killed”,“kills”isusedtodescribewhathappenedinthepast.Besides,thearticle“An”in“aninsurgentraid”isomitted.
c)BangladeshSetsCurfewToCurbStudentProtests
Shortwords(i.e.midgetwords)areoftenusedtoconservespaceinheadlines,forexample,“curb”inthisheadline.Besides,presenttense“sets”isusedtodescribeapastevent.
d)StormDeathTollinMidwestClimbs
1.Compactnounphrasesareoftenusedinheadlinestosavespace.
2.Mostheadlinesusethepresenttense-despitethefactthattheygenerallydescribepastevents.
e)WallStreetslightlylowerascreditworrieslinger
Rhetoricdevicesoftenusedinthewritingofnewspaperheadlines.
Inthisheadline,WallStreetreferstothestockexchange,whichisametonymy.Anotherrhetoricdeviceusedhereisrhyme(Correspondenceofterminalsoundsofwordsoroflinesofverse),aswefindinlowerandlinger.
f)Chinalaunchescrackdownoninferiorgoods,unsafefood
Inordertoconservespaceinheadlines,commaissometimesusedtoreplace“and”.
g)ChinatobecomeU.S.thirdlargestexportmarketbyyearend
Inphraseheadlines,infinitivesaresometimesusedtoindicateafutureactionorevent.
7.Whatdothefollowingabbreviationsandacronymsstandfor?
1)CPPCCChinesePeople'
sPoliticalConsultativeConference中国人民政治协商会议
2)NASANationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局
3)IMFInternationalMonetaryFund国际货币基金组织
4)WHOWorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织
5)DJIDow-JonesIndex道·
琼斯指数
6)PMprimeminister首相;
总理
7.Readthefollowingnewsstoryandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatistheheadlineofthereport?
Sprawlputshousesinhotzones
2.Whatisthesubheadingofthereport?
Lackoffirehydrantsagrowingproblem
3.Whatisthebylineofthereport?
ByJosephGidjunis
USATODAY
4.Whatisthedatelineofthereport?
Salisbury,Md
作业三:
社会群体与政治体制
Lesson4
Answerstothequestions
1.C2.A3.C4.A
1.Shefeelsblessed,becauseshehasachancetobewhoshereallyisanddoeswhatshelovesdoingalldaylong.
2.CarolRyffhasdefinedwell-beingasthepresenceofsixqualities:
independence,theabilitytocopewithcomplexdemands,afeelingofgrowthasaperson,goodrelationships,goalsthatgivelifemeaning,andanacceptanceoftheselfandthepast.
3.CarolTavris’motherwastreatedasapatient.Herdoctorandtherapistandhusbandwerequicktoascribeallillstoher“condition”.Theyallregardedmenopauseasadiseasetobecured.Herdoctoraskedheralotofquestions,thenwroteoutaprescriptionforherandleftherhavetheprescriptionfilled.
4.ReverentFosterthinksthatthereisalotoffreedominmidlife.Shesuggeststhatmiddle-agedwomenshouldlettheirpastgo,incorporateitintowhotheyarenowandstepintothefuture.
Lesson7
1.C2.B3.C4.D
5.Becauseformanyyears,politiciansspokelittleabouttheirpersonalfaith.BothEisenhowerandKennedywereunwillingtotalkabouttheirownreligiousfaith.
6.BecauseEisenhowerandKennedywereoperatinginanAmericawheremanyProtestants,CatholicsandJewsregardedeachotherasthreatstothepublicgood.Stirringupsuchfeelingswasdangerous.
7.CartercarriedevangelicalChristians,whichhelpedhimsweeptheSouthandrunwellinruralareas.
8.Theauthorbelievesthatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenreligionandpolitics,butcandidatesshouldkeepreligionwithinappropriatebounds.
AdditionalReading
1.TheborderwallisplannedtobebuiltthisfalltostemillegalimmigrationintoAmerica.
2.Landownersareconcerneditmaycutacrosstheirproperty,conservationistsseeitdestroyingcrucialriversidehabitat,andsomeactivistsseeitinflamingethnictensions.
3.Itisanexpressionoffriendshipbetweentwomayors,twocitiesandtwocountries.
4.Theborderwallisneededtohelpblocktheswellingtideofillegalimmigrationaswellaswidespreaddrugandgunsmuggling.
5.BecausetheMexicangovernmenthasfaileditsownpeopleandMexicanswereforcedtogonorthseekingjobsbecauseofthepovertytheyfacedathome.
作业四:
家庭婚姻与教育卫生
Lesson12
1.D2.D3.C4.D
5.WhentheyfoundtheirmarriageflounderingoverStephen’sinabilitytokeephispromises,theyattendedamarriage-educationcoursetolearnthecommunicationskills.Afterawhiletheyfeltthatworkingontheirmarriagewasalltheyweredoing.Tooffsetthatfeeling,theyinstitutedaThursdaydatenightwherediscussionofanythingseriousisstrictlyforbidden.
6.Hesuggestscouplessetupweeklymeetingstodiscussdifferenceswhentheycanbecalmandopentonewideas.
7.Theydecidedtorenewtheircommitmenttotheirmarriageinsteadofchoosingdivorce.Thebeliefincommitmentmadethemcomethroughthecrisis.Thehusbandchangedhisoutlookandgotajobasasalesman.Today,theirmarriageisbackonsolidground.
8.Hethinksthatasthebetrayalcausesdeephurt,thewoundstohealwilltakealongtime.Hesuggeststhattheonewhohasmadethemistakehastoworkveryhardtoregainthetrustoftheotherside.
Lesson15
1.B2.C3.A4.B
9.Accordingtoher,thereasonisthatmedicalinflationhasoutstrippedtheincreasesinMedicarereimbursementandcausedmountinglosses.
10.BecausetheCongressintendedtoreversetheexodusfromtheMedicareprogram.
11.HethinksthattheCongresscontinuestopourmoneyintothecoffersofMedicareH.M.O.’sinhopesofprovidingbettercaretoAmerica’sseniors.ButtheH.M.O.’skeepstrandinghundredsofth
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