春季教案高一第十二讲英语构词法Word格式.docx
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春季教案高一第十二讲英语构词法Word格式.docx
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understand理解→misunderstand误解;
lead引导→mislead误导;
treat对待→mistreat虐待
il-
不,无,非,
legal合法的→illegal不合法的;
regular规则的→ilregular不规则的
re-
再,重,又
write写→rewrite重写;
tell讲述→retell重述
2.常见的后缀(suffix):
1)常见形容词后缀:
suffix
Example
-able,-ible,-ble
可……的,能……的
acceptable可接受的;
reasonable合情合理的;
comfortable舒服的;
eatable可食用的
-al
……的
equal平等的;
national国家的;
international国际的;
traditional;
cultural文化的
-an
……(地,人)的
American美国人;
Russian俄国人;
Italian意大利人;
Canadian加拿大人;
Korean韩国人
-ive
倾向……
expensive昂贵的;
effective有效的;
active积极的;
creative有创造性的
-ful
满的,有……的
careful仔细的;
powerful强大的;
cheerful愉快的;
beautiful美丽的;
hopeful有希望的
-ish
如……的
childish孩子气的;
foolish愚蠢的;
selfish自私的
-ist
……主义的
socialist社会主义的;
capitaslist资本主义的;
communitist共产主义的;
modernist现代主义
-ous
多……的,有……特性的
dangerous有危险的;
humorous幽默的;
harmonious和谐的;
various各种各样的
-ly,-y
……的;
……品质
friendly友好的;
lovely可爱的;
lively活波的;
cloudy多云的;
sunny阳光的;
funny有趣的;
lucky运气好的;
healthy健康的
2)名词后缀:
Meaning
-ance
状态,行为
importance重要性;
appearance外表;
acceptance
接受;
entrance入口
-or,-er
人,物
tutor家教;
doctor医生;
translator翻译家;
worker工人;
manager经理;
cooker炊具;
-ant,-ent
servant仆人;
assistant助手;
student学生
-tion
状态,行为,动作过程
suggestion建议;
contribution贡献;
collectiom
搜集;
disscussion讨论;
introduction介绍
-dom
身份,界
freedom自由;
wisdom智慧
-ty
性质;
状态
difficulty困难;
activity活动;
ability能力;
creativity创造性;
reality现实;
equality平等
-ment
行为,物,组织,运动
management管理;
movement运动;
agreement
协议;
disappointment失望;
instrument仪器
-ess
表女性,雌性
hostess女主人;
actress女演员;
tigress母老虎
-ness
kindness仁慈;
carefulness仔细;
tiredness疲劳
3)动词后缀:
-en
使变成
sharpen削尖;
broaden加宽;
strengthen加强
-fy
使……化
simplify简化;
beautify美化;
modify净化
-ize
modernize使现代化;
realize实现;
criticize批
二、合成法(compounding)
1)合成名词
构成方式
例词
名词+名词
Newspaper报纸
名词+动词
daybreak黎明
名词+动名词
handwriting书法
名词+及物动词+er/or
pain-killer止痛药
名词+介词+名词
editor-in-chief总编辑
动词+名词
typewriter打字机
动名词+名词
reading-room阅览室
现在分词+名词
flying-fish飞鱼
形容词+名词
gentleman绅士
副词+动词
outbreak爆发
介词+名词
afternoon下午
代词+名词
she-wolf母狼
2)合成形容词
名词+形容词
snow-white雪白的
名词+现在分词
English-speaking讲英语的
名词+to+名词
face-to-face面对面的
名词+过去分词
man-made人造的
数词+名词
one-way单行的
数词+名词+形容词
two-year-old两岁的
数词+名词+ed
five-storeyed五层的
动词+副词
see-through透明的
high-class高级的
形容词+名词+ed
noble-minded高尚的
形容词+形容词
light-blue浅蓝色的
形容词+现在分词
good-looking相貌好看的
副词+形容词
ever-green常青的
副词+现在分词
hard-working勤劳的
副词+过去分词
well-known著名的
副词+名词
fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
downhill下坡的
3)合成动词
sleep-walk梦游
形容词+动词
white-wash粉刷
overthrow推翻
4)合成副词
hotfoot匆忙地
形容词+副词
everywhere到处
副词+副词
however尽管如此
beforehand事先
介词+副词
forever永远
5)合成代词
代词宾格+self
herself她自己
物主代词+self
myself我自己
anything任何东西
三、转化法(conversion)
英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如:
Let'
sgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化,如:
Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如:
shaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
①很多表示物件,如
Didyoubookaseatontheplane?
你订好飞机座位了吗?
②身体部位,如:
Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如:
Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
如:
Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如:
Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词,如:
Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服
②某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,作主语时,谓语用复数如下,如:
Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
【典型例题】
1.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.
A.valuableB.value
C.valuelessD.unvaluable
解析:
答案选B.
2.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.
A.satisfiedB.satisfactory
C.satisfyingD.satisfaction
答案选D.
【经典例题】
Ⅰ.语法练习
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness
2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.
A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death
3.Thechildlooked________athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.
A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlynessD.sad
4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.
A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician
5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.
A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged
6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.
A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership
7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked________aboutathisclassmates.
A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely
8—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.
—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?
A.600words;
a600-words
B.600-word;
a600-words
C.600words;
a600-word
D.600words;
9.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.
A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence
10Youmustcomewithustothepolice________.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.
A.headquartersB.headline
C.headmasterD.headache
11ettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;
youdidit________.
A.intendB.intention C.intentionallyD.intentional
d2Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha_______smile.
A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced
13The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.
A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement
14MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?
A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter
15TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.
A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing
16Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.
A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness
17Canadaismainlyan________country.
A.English-speakingB.speak-English
C.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken
18How________heis!
Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish;
foolishly;
foolB.fool;
foolish;
fool
C.foolish;
fool;
foolD.foolishly;
19Therewere______fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.
A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless
20.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendly________.
A.stateB.atmosphereC.situationD.phenomenon
Ⅱ.完形填空。
Charliecamefromapoorvillage.Hisparentshad__1__moneytosendhimtoschoolwhenhewasyoung.Theboywasverysad.Mr.Kinglivednexttohim.Hefoundtheboy__2__andhadpityonhimandlentsomemoneytohim.Sotheboycouldgotoschool.Hestudiedhardand__3__allhislessons.Whenhefinishedmiddleschool,themanintroducedhimtohisfriendinthetown.Andhebegantowork.
OnceMr.Kingwasseriouslyhurtinanaccident.Dying,heaskedCharlietotakecareofhisdaughter,Sharon.Theyoungman__4__andseveralyearslaterhemarriedthegirl.Helovedherverymuchandtriedhisbesttomakeherhappy.Heoftenboughtbeautifulclothesanddeliciousfoodforher.Hewasgoodatcookingandhecooked__5__forher.Soshebecameveryfatandshefeltitdifficulttowalk.Andonedayshefoundtherewassomethingwrongwithherheart.Herhusbandwasn’tathomeandshehadtogoto__6__atonce.Thedoctorslookedheroverandtoldher__7__eatmeat,sugar,chocolateandthingslikethese.Shewasafraid__8__thedoctor’swordsandwroteallthenamesofthefoodonthepaper.Whenshegothome,sheputthelistonthetableand__9__.Whenshereturnedhomethatafternoon,shefoundmanykindsoffood:
meat,sugarandchocolateinthekitchen.Charliewasbusy__10__there.Assoonashesawher,hesaidhappily,“I’veboughtallthefoodyoulike,dear!
”
1.A.noB.someC.muchD.enough
2.A.lazyB.cleverC.carefulD.hard
3.A.didwellinB.waspooratC.wasworkingD.wasgoodfor
4.A.wasangryB.thoughthardC.agreedD.said“No.”
5.A.alittleB.afewC.manyD.alot
6.A.restB.sleepC.hospitalD.work
7.A.shouldB.wouldC.toD.notto
8.A.torememberB.toforgetC.tocatchD.toteach
9.A.sleptB.wentoutC.cookedD.ate
10.A.readingB.seeingC.cookingD.writing
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageinthehistoryofourplanet.Oneineverysevenhumanbeingscanspeakit.Morethanhalfoftheworld’sbooksandthreequartersofinternationalmailareinEnglish.Ofalllanguages,Englishhasthelargestvocabulary—perhapsasmanyastwomillionwords.
However,let’sfaceit:
Englishisacrazylanguage.Thereisnoegginaneggplant,neitherpinenorappleinapineappleandnohaminahamburger.Sweet-meatsarecandy,whilesweetbreads,whicharen’tsweet,aremeat.
WetakeEnglishforgranted.Butwhenweexploreitsparadoxes(探讨它的矛盾),wefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,boxingringsaresquare,publicbathroomshavenobathsinthem.
Andwhyisitthatawriterwrites,butfingersdon’tfing,grocersdon’tgroce,andhammersdon’tham?
Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,shouldn’tthepluralofboothbebeeth?
Onegoose,twogeese—soonemoose,twomeese?
Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whil
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