Lisa美语笔记整理文档格式.docx
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Lisa美语笔记整理文档格式.docx
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摩擦音:
/f//v//θ//ð
//s//z//∫//ʒ//r//h/
破擦音:
/ts//dz//tr//dr//t∫//dʒ/
鼻音:
/m//n//ŋ/
边音:
/l/
半元音:
/w//j/
1.元音音素
//ɑ//ə/(/ʌ/)/ɔ//ʊ//u//ɚ//ɝ/
pleaseseemeatbelieve
thisdifficultifdinner
bedmendressfriend
applemanstandangry
hottopicofficemodern
butgunjumplove
alwaystallboughtthought
bookfootpullpushtook
moonshoesroomblue
firstThursdaygirlwork
lategatebaseballstayOK
godroveslowmoment
timewildninedining
nowhousegroundannounce
enjoynoiseboysannoying
2.中性/松元音/ɪ//ɛ//ə//ʊ/紧元音/i//æ
//ɑ//u//ɔ/
fool-fullhot-hutsteel-stillbag-beg
3./i/与/ɪ/
/i/
嘴唇向两边收紧,扁唇;
舌头在口腔里向后收紧
seecheesepleasebeatbelievedeceive
/ɪ/
嘴唇放松;
舌头位于正常位置,放松
ifdifferentthisthingsystemgym
feet-fitleave-livesleep-slipthese-thisfeel-fillsteel-stilleat-itbeach-bitchsheet-shit
注意:
主要区别不是长短而是紧松。
被强调时,松元音也可变长
Wow,yourhouseisbig!
4./a/与/ə/
/a/
上下张大嘴,把舌头贴在口腔底部,舌尖触碰下齿
hotfatherarmywatch
/ə/
upfunbutnumbercousincountrylovesonotherdone
/a/发音通常较长,特别是重读的名词和形容词
That’simpossible.
Ilovemynewjob.
shot-shutDon-donelock-luckcop-cup
not-nutrobber-rubber
5./u/与/ʊ/
/u/
双唇收圆,小圆唇
foodmoonbluetrue
/ʊ/
双唇稍撅
looktookshookwouldcouldshouldpushpull
fool-fullLuke-lookpool-pull
6./æ
嘴角向两边拉开;
上下齿高度为食指中指指尖叠加高度;
舌头下贴,向后收紧。
英美发音不同:
classmathmathclass
发音通常较长,特别是名词和动词
appleangrymanfatdanceclassdanceclass
LosAngelesCaliforniarandomanswer
7./ɔ/
上下张口,口型呈椭圆形,像鸡蛋,略撅嘴。
英美发音不同
calltallfallsmallalwaysautomobileAugustaudienceapplaudsawlawawful
HepausedinthehalltotalkwithPaul.
Theauthortalkedtothesmallaudience.
Weallthoughtyouboughtitatthemall.
It’sawfulthathealwaysbreaksthelaw!
He’sexhaustedbecausehe’sbeenwalkingalldaylong.
8./o/
滑动
postmomentgoflowslowshowroadboatsoap
No,Idon’t.
Don’tgo.
soslowalmostover
9./ɚ//ɝ/一短,一长
发音方式/ə/+/r/
herteachergrammarlearnheardbirdfirstgirlworkworrywordnursehurt
workearlylearnthewordsearlybirdperfectworld
10.单词重音
重读音节内的元音要读得重而长
bananaCanadabiologyphotography
句子中的重读:
确定重读单词,重读音节内的元音要读得重而长
Iloveit.
Ihavetocallhim.
You’rereallytall.
It’shot.
Let’sgotothepark.
Igotajobatthehospital.
11.单词非重读音节的弱化
symbollocalrecord
句子中的弱读
Let’smeetattwoo’clock.
I’dliketotalktothepilot.
Let’smeetforbreakfast.
I’dlovetogoforawalk.
12.辅音
/p//b//t//d//k//g//f//v//θ//ð
/m//n//ŋ//l//w//j/
13.发准每一个音
句子中单词的每个辅音都要发音到位。
因此,我们在讲英语时要注意自己的口型
probablyingeneralseventwelve
数字练习:
1-20
14.清辅音与浊辅音
//s//z//∫//ʒ/
/tr//dr//t∫//dʒ//ts//dz/
清辅音前的元音发音较短,浊辅音前的元音发音较长
ice-eyesback-bagsafe-savepick-pig
lock-loglight-liedleaf-leavecup-cub
15./θ//ð
舌尖位于两齿间,轻触上齿,气流由舌尖和上齿间流出
bathbothmathThankyou.Thursdaythirstyanythinghealthy
fathermothertherethissoothe
16./l/
尾音/l/:
释放舌头,让舌尖触碰上齿后面并停留,气流由舌头两侧流,softerandlonger,要能听出清晰的音
callBillschoolwallfeelillfeelillawfulfilmawfulfilm
littleanimallittleanimal
I’llcallyoutotellyouaboutthefilm.
Ifeelterribleaboutthepoliticalscandal,
IthinkI’llbeabletohandleitbymyself.
You’lldowellatschool.
17./r/
舌头卷曲,不接触口腔,向后面拉
英式英语元音因素后的/r/通常不发出来
hearlearnteacherGermanRobertParkerfirstpersoncomputerpictureovertherepark
18./w/
卷起嘴唇,肺部有大量的气流流出,声带振动
waitwelcomealways
quickquietquestionrequirequalityliquid
19./v/
上齿轻触上唇,浊辅音
veryvotefiveelevensevenvillagevisitvacationNovember
vow-wowvet-wetvine-winevest-west
20./s//z/
hasiswasbecausethesethosepleasealways
booksbagsboys
laughsfeelsplays
名词复数及动词第三人称单数/s/&
/z/读法
清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音或元音后读/z/
21.停顿辅音与连续辅音
停顿辅音
爆破音/p//b//t//d//k//g/
连续辅音
/s//z//f//v//θ//ð
//∫//ʒ//ŋ/
音节后的/m//n//l/
①爆破音后接辅音时失去爆破
②爆破音在句尾时失去爆破
不释放的/t/:
位于句尾,或后接可连读外的辅音
No,it’snot.
I’mnotthathot.
You’requiteright.
Ican’tdoit.
Iwantthatbluehat.
Robert,youmightberight.
It’snotthatdifferent.
Whatdidyoueatlastnight?
Ican’twaitforthatflight.
22.当/t/处于两元音之间,听起来像轻而快的/d/,弹跳/d/
bettercityabilitywaterlittleautoautomaticmetaldata
Yes,itis.
Igotupateleveno’clock.
Doyouwanttogetinorgetout?
Iboughtitatacomputerstore.
Whatanicedayitis!
23.同一音节内,当/t/后面跟着/n/时发出en声:
发/t/时,把舌头保持在上齿龈,然后直接发/n/,让气流由鼻腔流出,发出en声
writtenmountaincertaincurtain
Iamcertainthat’sthetallestmountain.
Mycottonshirthasbuttons.
Ihaveforgottenwhenthebookwaswritten.
MartinwasborninGreatBritain.
24./ŋ/
thinkingworkingpractisinginterestingthing
/ŋ/的连读
Whatareyouthinkingof?
Whatareyoutalkingabout?
bringingsinginghanger
25./tr//dr/
短轻/t∫//dʒ/后接/r/
trytraveltraditionintroducecontrol
drydramadropdrasticaddresshundredSandra
26./t∫//dʒ/
t+u=/t∫/
d+u=/dʒ/
actuallystatuenaturepicture
graduateeducatescheduleindividual
连读中的同化
/t/+/j/=/t∫/Whycan’tyoudoit?
/d/+/j/=/dʒ/Didyoudoit?
Wouldyouliketoseetheschedule?
Aren’tyougraduatinginthespring?
Can’tyouseethestatue?
Didyougetacollegeeducation?
27.动词过去式读法
动词以/t//d/结尾,ed读/id/
waitedneededpaintedcompletedattendedcountedinvited
动词以除了/t/的清辅音结尾,ed读/t/
stoppedworkedparkedcookedpassedlaughedpushedwatched
动词以除了/d/的浊辅音或元音结尾,ed读/d/
robbedlovedrealizedusedcalledplayed
28.节奏和语调
重读与弱读构成了节奏
29.音节重读
音节的概念
重读音节的元音发音更响亮更长(louder,longerandhigherinpitch)
seatsciencesuccessaudiovisualurban
decadecolleaguefemaleJapanIranlocatedonatedetailparenthesisnecessary[ˈnɛsəˌsɛri]necessity
30.双音节词读音规则
90%的名词,前一个音节重读
officeproblemwindowpaperbuildingmotherfather
60%-70%的动词,后一个音节重读
applyagreecreaterelaxcomplainenjoy
同一个单词名词和动词的不同读法
recordobjectprogressinsultconflictpresentinsertrecall
31.”ate”组合的单词
动词读/et/名词或形容词读/ət/
graduateestimatearticulate
动词/et/
negotiateabbreviatecalculatenominatedonate
形容词或名词/ət/
delicatechocolateaccurateaffectionateintimate
32.后缀的重读规则
-ese重读后缀
ChineseJapanesePortuguese
-eer重读后缀
pioneervolunteerengineer
-ique重读后缀
antiqueboutiquecritiquetechnique
-ic重读后缀前的音节
realisticelasticelectricstrategicoptimisticterrificpacific
从名词到形容重读的变化
origin-originalindustry-industrialmemory-memorialfinance-financial
president-presidential
33.非重读音节:
轻而短
madamproblemsymptomalbum
o’clockdoctorphotography
atomAdam
读音相同的不同单词
lesson-lessenprofit-prophetseller-cellar
caller-collar两读音不同
economymemorycontrolcontaindevelopEuropeinformationcommercial
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
34.句子中单词重读的依据
重读单词的重读音节要louder,longerandhigherinpitch
实词重读,虚词(功能词)弱读
Iwillbedrivingtothemarkettobuysomethingtoeat.
实词+实词后一词通常重读
Igotanewjob.
Domeafavor.
Seeyoulater.
Let’sgoforawalk.
Didyoudoyourhomework?
谓语+宾语宾语为代词,谓语要重读
Didyougetit?
——Didyougetthejob?
Didyouseeit?
——Didyouseethefilm?
Whostoleit?
——Whostolemymoney?
Whostolethemoneyfromme?
Iwaswashingthedishesforher.
He’sfixingthecarforthem.
Ijustgotanewjob.Iamsoexcitedaboutit.Icouldn’tfindoneforalongtime.
I’mworkingatthestore.I’msellingwomen’sshoes.Istartedworkingtherelastweek.
Onthefirstday,Iwasreallynervous.Therewassomuchtolearn.
35.长句子朗读
根据语速,划分信息单位(意群,虚拟分组);
确定信息单位中的焦点词(关键词),焦点词通常在信息单位的后面部分;
停顿多数发生在信息单位间,和出现焦点词的时候
Iwasdrivingtothemarkettogetsomethingtoeat,becauseIwasveryhungry.
Iwaswatchingamoviewithmyfriendswhensuddenlyitstartedtorain.
IwassotiredthatIcouldn’twaittogethome.
IfIforgettopaymybill,pleaseremindmeaboutit.
Hewantstoknowifyouneedanythingfromthesupermarket.
DidyouknowitwassnowinginallpartsoftheEastCoast?
Whenweclimbedtothetopofthemountainwecouldseetheocean.
36.形容词+名词:
重读名词
It’sahotday.
Youdidagoodjob.
Ihaveblondhair.
I’mwearingablackjacket.
I’mwearingablackblouseandablackjacket.
Ihavebrowneyes.
Ihadanicejob.
Ihaveanolderbrother.
IwenttoapartyandIhadagoodtime.
Thatwasfast.
Thatwasafastflight.
Ihavefive.
Ihavefivedollars.
It’sold.
It’sanolderfilm.
He’syounger.
He’smyyoungerbrother.(younger:
作形容词时,与作比较级时的读法不同)
Thatwasgreat.
Ihadagreattime.
Ihaveanolderbrotherandayoungersister.
Shehasbrownhairandblueeyes.
Thatoldladyhasalittledog.
Mynewcarhasfourdoors.
Ireadagoodbookduringthelongflight.
双形容词+名词:
重读前一形容词和名词
bigblackdog
angryoldman
longhotshower
现在分词作定语,与动名词不同。
现在分词不重读,动名词则须重读,如:
asleeping‘child现在分词不重读
a‘sleepingcar动名词须重读
如何区分现在分词与动名词:
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,也可以说现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。
动名词则表示其所修饰的名词的性质或用途,二者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
以以上两个短语为例,现在分词sleeping即表示其所修饰的名词child
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