名校试题山东省届高三模拟检测英语试题 Word版含答案文档格式.docx
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名校试题山东省届高三模拟检测英语试题 Word版含答案文档格式.docx
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回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节:
(共15小题;
每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
TheGreatWall,China
Stretchingover21,000kilometers,theGreatWallwasbuilttopreventinvasionsandhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.UNESCOinFebruary2019callsit“anabsolutemasterpiece,notonlybecauseoftheambitiouscharacteroftheundertakingbutalsotheperfectionofitsconstruction.”
Butperfectionisn’tprotection.51.2percentoftheGreatWallhadeitheralreadydisappearedorisatasignificantriskofdisappearing.Besidesforwindandrainerosion,themainreasonsforthedestructionoftheGreatWallarehumanfactorssuchastourism,construction,humancontactandsoon.
Pamukkale,Turkey
Pamukkale,whichmeans“cottoncastle”inTurkish,isfamousforitsshiningwhitecalciteterraces(方解石阶地)withwarmandmineral-richwatersoverrun.
BeforebeinglistedasaWorldHeritageSitein1988,Pamukkalehadbeenseverelydamagedbyhumanactivities.Peopleusedhotspringwatertofillswimmingpools,somevisitorsstoodontherocksandsomeevenbathedinthehotspringswithsoapandshampoo.Toprotecttheterraces,theTurkishgovernmenthasdecidedtopulldownthehotelsandrequirealltouriststovisitthissitebarefoot.
GreatBarrierReef,Australia
Hometo400typesofcoraland1,500speciesoffish,theGreatBarrierReefdrawsvisitorstoAustraliafromallovertheworld.
However,theGreatBarrierReefisexpectedtosufferfromincreasinglyfrequentbleachingevents,casesinwhichcoralsturnwhiteandmaydie,accordingtoaUNESCOreport.Theheatwavescausedbyglobalwarminghavekilledhalfofthecoralhereinthetwoyears,accordingtoaCNNreport.Pollutionfromindustrydevelopmentsandharmfulfishingpracticesarealsobigconcerns.
TheDeadSea,Jordan
At423metersbelowsealevel,theDeadSeais10timessaltierthantheocean,meaningthatthewaterissodense,eventouristswhocan’tswimwillbeabletofloat.
Buttheseasideresortsbuiltinthe1980snowsitkilometersawayfromthewater’sedge,whichhaslosthalfofitssurfaceareainthepast40years.Thedamageisirreversibleduetothenatureofthemineralindustryandthetypeofagriculturalusethathasdrainedthewater.
1.Whichareyourequiredtovisitwithoutshoes?
A.TheGreatWall,China.
B.Pamukkale,Turkey.
C.GreatBarrierReef,Australia.
D.TheDeadSea,Jordan.
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.MainreasonsforthedestructionoftheGreatWallcomefromwindandrainerosion.
B.Pamukkalewasdamagedbyhumanactivitiesafter1988.
C.PollutionandtheheatwavescausedbyglobalwarmingkillmuchcoralintheGreatBarrierReef.
D.HalfoftheDeadSeasurfaceareahasdisappearedinthepasttwodecades.
3.Whatdotheabovespotshaveincommon?
A.Theyareallfamousendangerednaturalspots.
B.They’redamagedonlyfromhumanactivities.
C.Theyalldrawtheattentionofthegovernments.
D.They’reallseriouslydamaged.
B
VijayGuptaisknownto
classical
musicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.Heservesasfirst
violinist
fortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob,heoftenplaystolargecrowds,includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming,heorganizes
concerts
forhomelesspeople.“Theyhave
reminded
mewhyIbecameamusician,”hesaid.
Lastweek,GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters,jailsand
halfwayhouses
forabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship,commonlyknownasthe“geniusgrant.”Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup,theJohnD.andKatherineT.MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants(补助金)topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandthat“inspires
hopeinusall.”GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteachingNathanielAyers,atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohomelessness.
The31-year-oldgrantwinnersaidhedoesnotknowyethowhewillspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersinceagesevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe,planandlookahead.”
AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur,anassociateprofessorofsociologyandlawintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheU.S.justicesystem.
47-year-oldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancialresourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthecostoflegalservicesisonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheothersarefearsaboutunfairnessinthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhasbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem,butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw,whichalsoaffectsmillionsofpeople.
4.WhydidGuptawintheaward?
A.Forhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.
B.Forperformingforlargecrowds.
C.Fororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.
D.ForthefriendshipwithNathanielAyers.
5.WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?
A.Itisfoundedbythegovernment.
B.Itoffers$625,000to25winnersin2018.
C.Itallowsthewinnerstousethemoneyfreely.
D.Itawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.
6.WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?
A.Shemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.
B.Shemadethelegalsystemfairer.
C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.
D.Sheofferedlegalaidstothepoorfreely.
7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Grantswinners,inspiringthepoor
B.Thecityhomeless,inneedofhelp
C.VijayGupta,anextraordinaryviolinist
D.MacArthurFoundation,awardingexceptionalwork
C
Solarpoweris
helpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhere
rigid
solarpanels(刚性太阳能电池板)cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere,says
physicist
OlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthe
surfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimited
applications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.
Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Sheco-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持续的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theywork
perfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.
Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestill
durability
andotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.
8.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’scomplex.C.It’sflexible.D.It’sexpensive.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A.SkanskaandAdamTargowski.
B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.
C.SoleilTechnologies.
D.Perovskitepanels.
10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.
B.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.
C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.
D.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.
11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.
B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.
C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.
D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.
D
We’veallbeenthere:
thosetimesyouneedtoargueyourpointofviewtosomeonewhoyouknowdisagreeswithyou.Youimmediatelygotoyourkeyboardandstarttotypeoutthat280-charactertweet,theFacebookreply,oraparagraphs-longemail.Surelythereason,logic,andstrongpowerofyourwrittenwordswillconvincewhoeveritiswhodisagreeswithyoutoseeyourpointofview.Butnewresearchsuggestsadifferentidea.
ThatresearchwasconductedbyJulianaSchroeder,assistantprofessorofUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhercolleagues.InSchroeder’sstudyofalmost300people,participantswereaskedtowatch,listen,andreadargumentsaboutsubjectstheyagreedordisagreedwith.Theywereaskedtojudgethecharacterofthecommunicatorandthequalityoftheargument.Schroeder’steamfoundthattheparticipantswhowatchedorlistenedtothecommunicatorwerelessdismissive(抵触的)oftheirclaimsthanwhentheyreadthatcommunicator’ssameargument.
Theideaforherstudycamefromanewspaperarticleaboutapolitician.Oneofusreadaspeechthatwasprintedinanewspaperfromapoliticianwithwhomhe
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