高中英语人教大纲第二册上Unit9 Saving the earth第五课时Word格式.docx
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高中英语人教大纲第二册上Unit9 Saving the earth第五课时Word格式.docx
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llshow
yousomesentencesonthescreen.Pleasetellwhichareinnaturalornormalword-orderandwhichareininvertedword-order.Lookatthescreenandparethemcarefully.
(Showthefollowingonthescreen.)
1.
Outrushedtheboy.
Theboyrushedout.
2
Onlyinthiswaycanweloseweight.
Wecanloseweightonlyinthisway.
T:
Whocantelluswhichareinnormalword-order?
S:
Iknow.Thesecondsentenceineachpairisinnormalword-order.
Howdoyouknow?
Ifthepredicateesafterthesubject,itisinnormalword-order.
Verygood.Sothefirstsentenceineachpairisininvertedword-order.Inthefirstpair,thewholepredicateofthefirstsentenceesbeforethe
subject,inthesecondpair,partofthepredicateofthefirstsentencees
beforethesubject.Now,pleaselookatthescreen.
(Showthefollowingonthescreenandmakebriefexplanationifnecessary.)
Word-order
naturalword-order:
S+V
invertedword-orderV+S
Auxiliary/Modal+S+V
StepHISummaryandExplanation
Ifthepredicateverbisplacedbeforethesubject,thesentenceissaidtobe
ininvertedword-order.Suchaword-orderiscalledinversion.Weuseinversionfortworeasons.Onefortheneedofthegrammaticalstructureofagiventypeofsentence,theotherforemphasisofacertainpartofasentence.Inversionhappensinquestions,andinanumberofothercases.Therearetwomainkindsofinversion.Insomecasesthewholeverbesbeforethesubject.Thiskindofinversioniscalledfullinversion.Andinmostcases,anauxiliaryverboramodalverbesbeforethesubjectandtherestofthepredicateverbesafter.Ifthere'
snoauxiliaryormodalverb,“do”“does”or“did”shouldbeadded.Thiskindofinversioniscalledpartialinversion.Now,let’smakeasummaryoftheinvertedcases.Pleaselookatthescreen.Inthesecases,thewholepredicateesbeforethesubject.
1.Intheconstructiontherebeforexistencee.g.Therearesomebooksonthetable.
There'
saboyintheclassroom.
Note:
Someotherverbscanbeusedwith“there”besides“tobe”,suchas:
live,exist,remain,e,arise,appear,enter,followandsoon.
e.g.Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.'
.Thereremainsnothingtobedone.
2.Whenthesentencebeginswithoneoftheadverbs,suchashere,there,now,then,out,away,up,down,off,back,over.
e.g,Theregoesthebell!
Inrushedthechildren.
Whenthesubjectisapersonalpronoun,inversioncan'
tbeused.
e.g.Therehees.
Outheran.
3.Whenthesentencebeginswith“such”forreferringback,whichmeanspersonorthingofaspecialkind.
e.g.SuchwasAlbertEinstein.
Sucharethefacts.
Thepredicatemustagreewiththesubjectafteritinpersonandnumber.4.Whenthesentencebeginswithalongadverbialexpressionofplace,especiallyaprepositionalphrasedenotingplace.
e.g.Betweenthetwobuildingsstandsatalltree.
Southofthecityliesasteelfactory.
Someintransitiveverbslike“e”“lie”“stand”“walk”oftenfollow
aftertheadverbialexpressionsofplace.
5.Thewholeorpartofthedirectspeechisplacedatthebeginning,followedby
verbsofreportinglike“answeredJohn”“saidtheoldlady”,whichtellyouwhospokeorhowtheyspoke.
e.g.“Help!
”shoutedtheboy.
“I'
vehadenough,”saidJohn.
①Whenthesubjectisapronoun,theverbnormallyesafterit.
e.g.“Youare,”Ianswered.
②Whentheverbofreportingisfollowedbyanindirectobjectoranadverbial,theverbnormallyesafterthesubject,invertedword-orderisimpossible
e.g.“Why?
”theteacheraskedhim.
“Both,sir.”heansweredproudly.
6.Tobalancethesentencestructureortolinkthesentenceclosely.
e.g.Theyreachedafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
Insidethepyramidsaretheroomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens.Note:
Payattentiontothe“agreement”.
Inthefollowingcases,partofthepredicateesbeforethesubject.
Lookatthescreen.
1.Toavoidrepetition,“so,neithernor”canbeplacedatthebeginningofasentencewhichsaysthatpeople(orthingorsituation)arethesameasothersthathavejustbeenmentioned.
e.g.
(1)--Mymotherisillthisweek.
--Soismysister.
(2)--Ican'
tspeakFrench.
--NorcanI.
(3)--Myhusbandnevertouchesadrying-upcloth.
--Neitherdoesmine.
“So”canalsobeusedinadifferentsense,tointroducesurprisedagreementwithwhathasbeensaid,whichmeans“Yes,indeed!
You'
requiteright.”Inthiscase,thesamesubjectismentioned.Inversionisnotused.
e.g.--That'
sIsabel,look!
--Soitis.
2.Insentencesbeginningwithnegativeexpressionslikenever,seldomhardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,little,not,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,at!
notime,neither…(nor).
e.g.HardlydoIthinkitpossible.
Bynomeansshallwegiveup.
Neitherwilltheorydowithoutpractice;
norwillpracticedowithouttheory.
When“little”whichdoespressnegativeisusedasanadjectivebeforethesubject,naturalword-orderisused.
e.g.LittleFranzoftenplayedtruant.
3.Insentencestructureslike“Notonly…,but(also)…;
Nosooner…than…;
Hardly/Scarcely…when…;
Notuntil…;
So…that…;
Such…that…”.
e.g.Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.
HardlyhadIarrivedwhenIhadanewproblemtocopewith.
Nountilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehow
serioustheproblemwas.
Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineits
speed.
Inallthesesentences,inversionhappensinthemainclause,notinthesubordinateclause.
4.When“only”isusedtomodifyanadverbialwhichisplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.
e.g.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.
OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.
When“only”isusedforemphasisofasubject,normalword-orderis
used.
e.g.OnlyJohnknowstheanswer.
5.Insomespecialformsofunrealconditionalclauses,when“if”isleftout,thestructure“Were(Should,Had)I(you/he,etc)”areusedinsteadof“IfI(you/he,etc.)were(should,had)”.Thatistosay,inversioncanbeused
insteadof“if”.
e.g.Werehe(=Ifhewere)herenow,couldaskhim.
Shouldhe(=Ifheshould)
e,tellhimtoringmeup.
Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)nothelpedme,I’dhavefailed.
Ifthere'
sno:
“were”“had”or“should”intheunrealconditional
clauses,inversioncan'
6.Inquestions
e.g.HaveyouseenJohn?
Inversionisnotalwaysusedinquestions.Likethefollowingcases:
(1)Inaspecialquestion,ifthesubjectisexpressedormodifiedbyan
interrogativeword,thesubjectesbeforethepredicate.
e.g.WhathappenedtoMary?
Howmanypeoplearelisteningtothelecture?
(2)Insomeothercases:
e.g.You'
veseenJohn?
Iwonderedwhetherhe'
dseenJohn.
7.Insentencesexpressing“blessing”or“concession”.
e.g.Mayyousucceed!
Mayyougainstillgreatersuccess!
Costwhatitmay,I'
llstickitout.
Note:
In“Longlivethepeople!
”,inversionisusedwiththewholeverbfore
Now,let'
slookatthescreen,there'
sanotherkindofinversionyoushould
remember.
Inanadverbialclauseintroducedby“as”or“though”.
Structure:
predicative
adverbial+as(though)+subject+…
verb
e.g.MuchasIlikeit,1willnotbuyit.
Tryasshemight,shefailed.
Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.
(1)Whentheadverbialclauseisintroducedby“though”,invertedandnaturalword-orderarebothpossible.
e.g.Thoughsheisyoung,sheknowsalot.
Youngthoughsheis,sheknowsalot.
(2)Whenthepredicativeisacountablenouninsingular,“a”or“an”shouldbeleftout.
e.g.Heroasheis,hehassomeshortings.
StepIVPracticeandConsolidation
sdosomeexercises.Pleaselookatthescreen.Finishthembyyourselffirstandthencheckyouranswersinpairs.
I.Choosethebestanswers:
1.Ifyoudon'
tgothere,________.
A.sowon'
tIB.nordoI
C.neithershallID.sodon'
tI
2.--Hehaspassedtheexam.
--_____________.
A.SohaveIB.SoIhave
C.IhavesoD.SodidI
3.Hardlythebusstationwhenthebusstarted.
A.hasshearrivedat
B.hadreachedshe
C.didshearriveat
D.hadshereached
4.itrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
A.WeretoB.Would
C.ShouldD.Could
5.Listen!
______________.
A.Therethebellgoes
B.Thebellgoesthere
C.Thebellgoesthere
D.Theregoesthebell
6.Atnotime_________beatstudent.
A.teacherscan'
t
B.Iwillteachers
C.teacherswillnot
D.can'
tteachers
7.Notuntil7:
00________.
A.hegotup
B.hedidn'
tgetup
C.didhegetup
D.didn'
thegetup
8.thefilm,1wouldhavetoldyousomethingaboutit.
A.HaveIseenB.HadIseen
C.ShouldIseeD.Ihadseen
9.Afterthatweneversawheragain,norfromher.
A.didwehearB.weheard
C.had
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