大理教师招聘考试试题三《初中英语学科》Word格式.docx
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大理教师招聘考试试题三《初中英语学科》Word格式.docx
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afterall,thesemenwereabouttoinvadeNazi-occupiedland.Asithappened,theonesubstancethatcouldfulfillallthoserequirementswasaveryunlikelyitem-aHershey’schocolatebar.
TheHersheychocolatecompanywasapproachedbackin1937aboutcreatingaspeciallydesignedbarjustforU.S.Armyemergencyrations.AccordingtoHershey’schiefchemistSamHinkle,theU.S.governmenthadjustfourrequestsabouttheirnewchocolatebars:
theyhadtoweight4ounces,behighinenergy,withstandhightemperaturesand"
tastealittlebetterthanaboiledpotato"
.Thefinalproductwascalledthe"
Drationbar"
ablendofchocolate;
sugar,cocoabutter,skimmilkpowderandoatflour.TheviscousmixtureprovedtoothicktomovethroughthenormalchocolatebarmanufacturingsetupattheHersheyplant,soinitiallyeachbarhadtobepackedintoits4-ouncemoldbyhand.
Asfortaste,well,mostwhotrieditsaidtheywould0ratherhadeatentheboiledpotato.Thecombinationoffatandoatflourmadethechocolatebaradensebrick,andthesugardidlittletomasktheoverwhelminglybittertastetothedarkchocolate.Sinceitwasdesignedtowithstandhightemperatures,thebarwasnearlyimpossibletobiteinto.Mostmenwhoateithadtoshaveslicesoffwithaknifebeforetheycouldchewit.AnddespitetheU.S.Army’sbesteffortstostopthemenfromdoingso,someoftheDrationbarsendedupinthetrash.Laterinthewar,Hersheyintroducedanewversion,knownastheTropicalbar,speciallydesignedforextremetemperaturesofthePacificTheater.Bytheendofthewar,thecompanyhadproducedmorethan3billionrationbars.
But"
Hitler'
sSecretWeapon"
asmanyinfantrymenreferredtothechocolatebar,washardlytheonlycandyintheD-Dayrations.Candywasaneasywaytopepupthetroops,andthequickburstofenergyprovidedbysugarwasawelcomeadditiontokitbags.AlongwiththeDrations,troopsreceivedthreedaysworthofKrationpacks.TheseweredevisedmoreasmealreplacementsandnotsustenancesnacksliketheDrations,andcamecompletelywithcoffee,cannedmeats,processedcheeseandtonsofsugar.Atvariouspointsduringthewar,mencouldfindpowderedorangeorlemondrink,caramels,chewinggumand-ofcourse-morechocolate.Alongwithpacksofcigarettesandsugarcubesforcoffee,theKrationpacksprovidedplentyofvaluableenergyforfightingmen.
WhichofthefollowingfeaturesofDRationbarsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Lightweight.B.Highenergy.
C.Spicytaste.D.Heatresistance.
2、Passage13
Santefe,NewMexicomultimillionaireFortestFennhasalwayslovedagoodadventure.Asasmallchildbeforeeight,heandhisbrother,SloppyspentsummervacationsmakingexplorationinYellowstoneNationalPark.
Asateen,FennidolizedthedecoratedWorldWarIIfighterpilot,calledRobinOldsandlatteremulatedhisheroduringTheVietnamWarasanAirfighterpilottogotoNewMexicoandsettledthereasanartsandantiquesdealer,huntingdownvaluablepaintings,rugs,warmemorabilia,andotherantiquetosell.
In1998,Fennwasdiagnosedwithterminalkidneycancer.Ashehadalwaysbeendoing,heconceivedagrandadventuredthatheassumedwouldbehislastone."
Iwantedtocreatesomeexcitement,somehope,beforeIdied,"
saysFenn,82,addingthathealsowantedto"
getkidsoutofthegameroomandoffthecouch."
Withthoseideasinhismind,hestartedtodeviseatreasurehunt.
Littlebylittle,Fennbeganstockingasmallbronzechestwithgoldcoins,prehistoricbraceletsandothervaluablethings.Whenhiscancerwentintoremissionin1993,hedecidedhewouldcarryouthisplananyway.
In2010,Fenntoppe山offthechestwithjewelsandvaluablestonesandhiditsomewheredeepintheRockyMountains,northofSanteFe.Laterthatyear,hewroteapoemforhisself-publishedmemoir,TheThrilloftheChase.Itcontainedninecluesaboutthetreasurebox'
swhereabouts.Onestanzareadslikethis:
Beginitwherewarmwatershalt/Andtakeitinthecanyondown/Notfar,buttoofartowalk/PutinbelowthehomeofBrown.
Afewmonthslater,astoryaboutthetreasureappearedinamagazine.Sincethen,Fennhasreceivedthousandsofe-mailsfromtreasurehunters.Somerequestmorecluestothebox..Butmostly"
peoplethankedmeforbringingtheirfamilytogether,"
hesayswithaself-comfortingsmileonhisface.
InApril,FenntoldacrowdatanAlbuquerquebookstorethattwogroupsoftreasurehuntershadgottenwithin500feetofthechest."
Theywalkedrightbyit,"
hesaid.
Fennisconfidentthatthetreasurewillbeunearthedeventuallyandsays丝willtaketherightcombinationofcunningandperseverance."
Itwillbediscoveredbysomeonewhohasreadthecluescarefullyandsuccessfully.Butnobodyisgoingtohappenuponit,"
hepredicts.
Hehopesthatwhoeverfindsthelootwillrelishtherichesandtheadventureoffindingthem.
WhowasafighterpilotduringtheVietnamWaraccordingtothepassage?
A.Sloppy.B.RobinOlds.
C.SanteFe.D.ForrestFenn.
3、Passage17
KimberleyAsselinsitsinarockingchairinfrontofher22kindergartners,a
glisteningsmileacrossherfaceasshegreetsthemforthemorning.Even
at9a.m.,sheiseffervescentandcharismatic.
YetbehindAsselin’sbrightexpression,herenthusiasmisfading.Asselin,
24,isdaysawayfromfinishingherfirstyearasateacher,thecareerofherdreamssinceshe
arithmeticlessonsonadry-eraseboardtoherstuffedbearsanddolls.wasalittlegirlgivingWhileshebegantheschoolyearinVirginia’sFairfaxasmanyyoungteachersdo,questioningherfutureasanCountyfullofoptimism,Asselinnowfindsherself,educator.WhatchangedinthemonthsbetweenAugustandJune?
Shesaysthatanonslaughtofteststhatshe’srequiredtogivetoherfive-andsix-year-oldstudentshasbroughtherdowntoreality.
"
It'
smorethanafirst-yearteachereverimagines,"
Asselinsaid."
Youdefinitelyhavealotofhighsandlows,anditkeepsgoingupanddownandupanddown."
NewfederaldatathattheEducationDepartmentreleasedinAprilshowsthatabout10percentofnewteachersleavetheprofessionwithinthefirstyearonthejob,and17percentleavewithinfiveyearsofstarting.Thoughfarlowerthanearlierestimates,itstillmeansthatmanyyoungeducatorsbailfromtheclassroombeforetheygainmuchofafoothold.ForAsselin,testinghasbeenthebiggeststressor.
TheproliferationoftestinginschoolshasbecomeoneofthemostcontentioustopicsinU.S.education.Theexamscanalterthecourseofastudent’sschoolingandcandeterminewhetherateacherispromotedorfired.InVirginia,schoolsearngradesonstate-issuedreportcardsbasedonthescoresstudentsearnonmandatoryend-of-yearexams.
TheFairfaxCountyschoolsystem,oneofthenation'
slargest,boaststhatitskindergartenstudentstakepartincourseworkthatexceedsthestate’sstandards.Unlikemoststates,VirginiahasneveradoptedtheCommonCoreStateStandards,butVirginiaofficialssaythatthestate’sacademicstandardsarejustas-ormore-rigorous.
Asselinsaidthatmeansthateventheyoungeststudentsinpublicschoolareunderanacademicmicroscope,makingkindergartenaboutfarmorethansocializationandplaytime.
Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofplaceisakindergartensupposedtobe?
A.Aplaceofacademictraining.B.Aplaceofreadingandwriting.
C.Aplacewheretherearenotests.D.Aplaceofsocializationandfun.
4、Passage2
Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:
boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;
girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.
Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunchthataffectstheirparents,"
saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"
malebreadwinner"
householdsspentcomparablemountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)
Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."
Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,"
saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.
Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"
free.time"
watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey'
respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'
treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?
AccordingtoSandraHofferth,the
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