初高中衔接课程10名词性从句Word文档格式.docx
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初高中衔接课程10名词性从句Word文档格式.docx
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Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.
(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.
Pollysaidnonewsisapieceofgoodnews
注意:
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。
1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if
eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe’llgoonthepicnic.
2.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.
eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.
Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?
3.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.
eg,Youcan’tworktheplanoutifyoudon’thavethemeeting.
例题解析:
举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.Theteacheraskedthestudents________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
2Couldyoutellme_______?
A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyou
C.what’sthematterwithyouD.what’sthewrongwithyou.
3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong“MyHeartwillGoOn.”
A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.that
4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.
A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns
5.Itmakesnodifference__________.
A.whetherwillyoucometomorrow.
B.Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam
C.Ifhewillcometothemeetingornot
D.Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot
6.Theydon’tknow_______theirparentsare.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who
8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.
A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoit
C.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?
---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.
A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins
2.---Todayortomorrow?
---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
3.Iwonder_________.
A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives
4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?
It'
sbeenverylate.
---Idon'
tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.
A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how
5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?
---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.
A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasborn
C.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn
6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkthey'
llcomeifthey_________free.
A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe
8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?
---Pardon?
---Iaskedwhere_________.
A….didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom
9.Shewondered__________.
A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer
C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer
10.---Doyouknow________?
---I'
mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.
A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo
名词性从句
一、定义:
在复合句中相当于一个名词,做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
1.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.
2.Idon’tknowwhohaswateredthefields.
3.Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.
4.Haveyouheardthenewsthatourteamwonthegame?
二、引导词:
1.连词:
that,if,whether,asif/though
2.连接代词:
who,what,which,whose,whom以及wh+ever
3.连接副词:
when,where,why,because,howhowlong,howoften,wh-ever…
三、引导词的作用:
1连词只有连接的功能,而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2.连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能,同时还要在从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
1主语从句:
在复合句中作句子主语的从句。
引导词:
连词that、whether;
(if)
疑问代词who,whom,what,which;
whose,wh-ever
疑问副词when,where,how,why,wh-ever,howmuch,howlong,…
(1)连词that(无词意),whether(是否),在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用;
whether能引导主语从句,而if不能。
Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.
WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.
(2)疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.
Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.
Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.
Whosedictionaryhasnotbeenfoundisstillunknown.
Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.
Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
(3)疑问副词when,where,how,why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语
Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.
Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.
Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.
Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.
(4)用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有:
It’ssaidthat…(guessed,thought,believed,expected,supposed….)
Itiscertainthat…
Itseems/happensthat…
It’spossible/important/necessary/clear/natural…that…,该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式:
should+动词原形。
ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnsomeEnglishgrammar.
1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数,(what引导的有时例外)
2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语,而将主语从句放于句尾。
3.由that引导的从句,that虽然没有什么意思,但是却不能省略。
4.WH引导的从句,引导词放于句首,从句用陈述句语序。
5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether,用IT做形式主语之后,主语从句放于句尾时whether与if均可以。
2.表语从句:
在复合句中作句子表语的从句
引导词有that,whether,what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how,because,asif/though等
(1)引导表语从句的that不省略,that仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,无任何意义
Theimpressionhemakesonmeisthatheisareliableperson.
thereason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,我们学生易犯“thereasonisbecause…”的错误
Thereasonwhythelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessisthatsheisbothcleverandhard-working.
(2)在表示命令order等,建议suggestion,advice等的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气:
should+动词原形,should可省略
Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.
(3)whether可引导表语从句,表“是否”,它在从句中不充当成分,if不能引导表语从句。
Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.
(4)连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除起连接作用外,还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
That’swhatheisworriedabout.(在从句作中宾语)
Theproblemiswhocandothework.(在从句中作主语)
(5)连接副词when,where,why,how起连接作用外,还在从句中作状语。
That’swhyIwaslate.
Thatiswherehewasborn.
Thatishowhedidit.
连词because一般只引导表语从句,只用在
That/This/Itisbecause…结构中
Thatisbecausesheoftenworkshard.(原因)区分:
Thatiswhysheoftenworkshard.(结果)
Asif/asthough也一般只引导表语从句,常常在:
Itseems/looksasif/though…
Itseemsasifhehasknowneverything,
3.宾语从句:
从句在句中充当宾语的成分。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语,也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语,还可作某些形容词的宾语从句。
Jennythought(that)herteacherwasunfair.
注意在方框里的从句what和which的成分以及它们的区分:
I’dliketoknowwhichoneisyourhusband.
I’dliketoknowwhichpresentIcanbuyamongthese.
I‘dliketoknowwhatpresentIcanbuyformyMum’sbirthday.
Youcanneverimaginewhatdifficultywehadwalkingthroughthestorm.
Youmayguesshowdifficultitistolivealoneinadesertedisland.
Iamsure(that)hewon’tmind.
Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外:
(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略
Theysharelittleincommonexceptthattheyarefromthesamecountry.
Wetalkaboutthatwemusthaveagoalbothinlifeandeveryday.
(2)and连接的几个从句,第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
Hetoldmethathehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.
(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中,that不省略。
Ihearditsaidthathehadgoneabroad
Wefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashorttime
2许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。
结构常是:
主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.
Wefinditpuzzlingwheretheproblemis.
4.同位语从句:
一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。
经常带同位语从句的名词有fact,news,word,order,request,message,information,doubt,possibility,chance,idea,reason,belief,hope,thought,promise,suggestion,question.view等。
引导词有连词that,whether;
连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how等
(1)that,whether只起连接作用,不在从句中作任何成分。
TheideathatEnglandstandsforfish&
chipsispast.
Thereisnodoubtthatthepriceofcarswillgodown.
Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.(不能用if)
(2)连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how在从句中作相应成分。
Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.
Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiresconsideration.
IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.
I’vegotaprettygoodideawhytheyleftearly.
Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.
IhavenoideawhenJackwillbeback.
Weexpressedthehope(that)theyhadexpressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。
(定语从句)
WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。
(同位语从句)
从语法角度上看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何句子成分;
而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
从语义角度上看,同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系,表示hope的内容是theywouldcometovisitChinaagain。
因而同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词作补充说明;
而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“…的”(他们曾经表示过的),起修饰作用,因此定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词。
同位语从句的连词that不能省略,而定语从句的关系代词that,当其在从句中作宾语中,可省略,作主语也不可省略。
I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.
I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday
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