环球雅思入学测试题65高分班Word下载.docx

环球雅思入学测试题65高分班Word下载.docx

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Reading

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14whicharebasedonReadingPassage1onpages9and10.

Spidersilkcutsweightofbridges

Astrong,lightbio-materialmadebygenesfromspiderscouldtransformconstructionandindustry

A

Scientistshavesucceededincopyingthesilk-producinggenesoftheGoldenOrbWeaverspiderandusingthemtocreateasyntheticmaterialwhichtheybelieveisthemodelforanewgenerationofadvancedbio-materials.Thenewmaterial,biosilk,whichhasbeenspunforthefirsttimebyresearchersatDuPont,hasanenormousrangeofpotentialusesinconstructionandmanufacturing.

B

Theattractionofthesilkspunbythespiderisacombinationofgreatstrengthandenormouselasticity,whichman-madefibreshavebeenunabletoreplicate.Onanequal-weightbasis,spidersilkisfarstrongerthansteelanditisestimatedthatifasinglestrandcouldbemadeabout10mindiameter,itwouldbestrongenoughtostopajumbojetinflight.Athirdimportantfactoristhatitisextremelylight.Armyscientistsarealreadylookingatthepossibilitiesofusingitforlightweight,bullet-proofvestsandparachutes.

C

Forsometime,biochemistshavebeentryingtosynthesizethedrag-linesilkoftheGoldenOrbWeaver.Thedrag-linesilk,whichformstheradialarmsoftheweb,isstrongerthantheotherpartsofthewebandsomebiochemistsbelieveasyntheticversioncouldprovetobeasimportantamaterialasnylon,whichhasbeenaroundfor50years,sincethediscoveriesofWallaceCarothersandhisteamusheredintheageofpolymers.

D

Torecreatethematerial,scientists,includingRandolphLewisattheUniversityofWyoming,firstexaminedthesilk-producingglandofthespider.“Wetookouttheglandsthatproducethesilkandlookedatthecodingfortheproteinmaterialtheymake,whichisspunintoaweb.WethenwentlookingforcloneswiththerightDNA,”hesays.

E

AtDuPont,researchershaveusedbothyeastandbacteriaashoststogrowtherawmaterial,whichtheyhavespunintofibres.RobertDorsch,Dupont’sdirectorofbiochemicaldevelopment,saystheglobulesofprotein,comparablewithmarblesinanegg,areharvestedandprocessed.“Webreakopenthebacteria,separateouttheglobulesofproteinandusethemastherowstartingmaterial.Withyeast,thegenesystemcanbedesignedsothatthematerialexcretestheproteinoutsidetheyeastforbetteraccess,”hesays.

F

“Thebacteriaandtheyeastproducethesameprotein,equivalenttothatwhichthespiderusesinthedraglinesoftheweb.Thespidermixestheproteinintoawater-basedsolutionandthenspinsitintoasolidfibreinonego.Sincewearenotascleverasthespiderandwearenotusingsuchsophisticatedorganisms,wesubstitutedman-madeapproachesanddissolvedtheproteininchemicalsolvents,whicharethenspuntopushthematerialthroughsmallholestoformthesolidfibre.”

G

ResearchersatDuPontsaytheyenvisagemanypossibleusesforanewbiosilkmaterial.Theysaythatearthquake-resistantsuspensionbridgeshungfromcablesofsyntheticspidersilkfibresmaybecomeareality.Strongerropes,saferseatbelts,shoesolesthatdonotwearoutsoquicklyandtoughnewclothingareamongtheotherapplications.BiochemistssuchasLewisseethepotentialrangeofusesofbiosilkasalmostlimitless.“Itisverystrongandretainselasticity,therearenoman-madematerialsthatcanmimicboththeseproperties.Itisalsoabiologicalmaterialwithalltheadvantagesthathasoverpetrochemicals,”hesays.

H

AtDuPont’slaboratories,Dorschisexcitedbytheprospectofnewsuper-strongmaterialsbuthewarnstheyaremanyyearsaway.“Weareatanearlystagebuttheoreticalpredictionsarethatwewillwindupwithaverystrong,toughmaterial,withanabilitytoabsorbshock,whichisstrongerandtougherthantheman-madematerialsthatareconventionallyavailabletous,”hesays.

I

Thespiderisnottheonlycreaturethathasarousedtheinterestofmaterialscientists.Theyhavealsobecomeenviousofthenaturaladhesivesecretedbytheseamussel.Itproducesaproteinadhesivetoattachitselftorocks.Itistediousandexpensivetoextracttheproteinfromthemussel,soresearchershavealreadyproducedasyntheticgeneforuseinsurrogatebacteria.

Questions1-5

ThepassagehasnineparagraphsA-I

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-Iinboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.

1

acomparisonofthewaystwomaterialsareusedtoreplacesilk-producingglands

2

predictionsregardingtheavailabilityofthesyntheticsilk

3

on-goingresearchintoothersyntheticmaterials

4

theresearchintothepartofthespiderthatmanufacturessilk

5

thepossibleapplicationofthesilkincivilengineering

Questions6-11

Completetheflowchartbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes6-11onyouranswersheet.

passedthrough10……………

toproduce11………………

Questions12-14

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes12-14onyouranswersheetwrite

TRUE

ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSE

ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVEN

ifthereisnoinformationonthis

12

Biosilkhasalreadyreplacednyloninparachutemanufacture.

13

Thespiderproducessilkofvaryingstrengths.

14

LewisandDorschco-operatedinthesyntheticproductionofsilk.

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-27whicharebasedonReadingPassage2onpages13and14.

TEACHINGINUNIVERSITIES

Inthe19thcentury,anAmericanacademic,Newman,characterisedauniversityas:

“aplaceofteachinguniversalknowledge…（aplacefor）thediffusionandextensionofknowledgeratherthanitsadvancement.”

Newmanarguedthatifuniversitieswerenotforteachingbutratherforscientificdiscovery,thentheywouldnotneedstudents.

Interestingly,duringthiscentury,whilestillteachingthousandsofstudentseachyear,theresourcesofmostuniversitieshavebeensteadilychannelledawayfromteachingintoresearchactivities.Mostrecently,however,therehavebeenstrongmovesinbothNorthAmericaandtheUnitedKingdomtodevelopinitiativesthatwouldenhancetheprofileoftheteachinginstitutionsofhighereducation.Inthenearfuture,therefore,aswellastheintrinsicrewardsgainedfromworkingwithstudentsandthesensethattheyarecontributingtotheiroverallgrowthanddevelopment,thereshouldsoonbeextrinsicrewards,intheformofjobpromotion,forthosepursuingacademicexcellenceinteachinginuniversities.

Inthefuture,therewillbemorefocusinuniversitiesonthequalityoftheirgraduatesandtheirprogressionrates.Currentdegreecourses,whoseassessmentstrategiesrequirestudentstolearnbyroteandreiteratethecoursematerial,andwhichdonotrequirethestudenttointeractwiththematerial,orconstructapersonalmeaningaboutitoreventounderstandthediscipline,areresultinginpoorlearningoutcomes.Thistraditionalteachingapproachdoesnottakeintoaccountmoderntheoriesofeducation,theindividualneedsofthelearner,norhisorherpriorlearningexperience.

Inorderforuniversitiestoraiseboththequalityandstatusofteaching,itisfirstnecessarytohavesomekindofunderstandingofwhatconstitutesgoodpractice.A1995report,compiledinAustralia,listseightqualitiesthatresearchersagreeareessentialtogoodteaching.

Goodteachers…

arethemselvesgoodlearners-resultinginteachingthatisdynamic,reflectiveandconstantlyevolvingastheylearnmoreandmoreaboutteaching;

displayenthusiasmfortheirsubjectanddesiretoshareitwiththeirstudents;

recognizetheimportanceofcontextandadjusttheirteachingaccordingly;

encouragedeeplearningapproachesandareconcernedwithdevelopingtheirstudents’criticalthinkingskills,problem-solvingskillsandproblem-approachbehaviours;

demonstrateanabilitytotransformandextendknowledge,ratherthanmerelytransmitit;

recogniseindividualdifferencesintheirstudentsandtakeadvantageofthese;

setcleargoals,usevalidassessmenttechniquesandprovidehigh-qualityfeedbacktotheirstudents;

showrespectfor,andinterestin,theirstudentsandsustainhighexpectationsofthem.

Inadditiontoaimingtoengagestudentsinthelearningprocess,thereisalsoaneedtoaddressthechangingneedsofthemarketplace.Becauseinmanyacademicdisciplinesthebodyofrelevantknowledgeisgrowingatanexponentialrate,itisnolongerpossible,orevendesirable,foranindividualtohaveacompleteknowledgebase.Rather,itispreferablethatheorsheshouldhaveanunderstandingoftheconceptsandtheprinciplesofthesubject,havetheabilitytoapplythisunderstandingtonewsituationsandhavethewherewithaltoseekouttheinformationthatisneeded.

Astheworldcontinuestoincreaseincomplexity,universitygraduateswillneedtobeequippedtocopewithrapidchangesintechnologyandtoentercareersthatmaynotyetbeenvisaged,withchangeofprofessionbeingcommonplace.Toproducegraduatesequippedforthisworkforce,itisessentialthateducatorsteachinwaysthatencouragelearnerstoengageindeeplearningwhichmaybebuiltuponinthelateryearsoftheircourse,andalsobetransferredtotheworkplace.

Thenewroleoftheuniversityteacher,then,isonethatfocusesonthestudents’learningratherthanthe