大学英语四级考试试题Word文档格式.docx
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大学英语四级考试试题Word文档格式.docx
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"
Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative(工于心计的)behavior,"
saysDeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity."
Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword'
polite'
.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventrying,topleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn."
Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone'
sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment-notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell.
Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,"
saysNeilP.Lewis,amanagementpsychologist."
Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It'
ssimplehumannature."
Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery奉承),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.
Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.
11."
Officepolitics"
(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.
A)thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaff
B)thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkers
C)theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany
D)thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer
12.Togetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut_____.
A)givehisbossagoodimpression
B)honestandloyaltohiscompany
C)getalongwellwithhiscolleagues
D)avoidbeingtoooutstanding
13.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto"
playthegame"
(Line4,Para.5)?
A)Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.
B)Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.
C)Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.
D)Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.
14.Theauthorconsidersofficepoeticstobe______.
A)unwelcomeattheworkplace
B)badforinterpersonalrelationships
C)indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture
D)animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement
15.Itistheauthor'
sviewthat______.
A)speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannature
B)self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflattery
C)hardworkcontributesVerylittletoone'
spromotion
D)manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflattery
PassageTwo
AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.
TheConstitution,"
saidtheassociation'
sspokesman,"
giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn'
tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves."
Don'
tyouthinkit'
sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?
TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer."
Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody."
Thespokesmansaid,"
Hydrogenbombsdon'
tkillpeople-peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they'
regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin."
ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者)"
"
Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns."
16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto_______.
A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb
B)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweapon
C)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathome
D)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon
17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat_______.
A)thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawer
B)mostpeopledon'
tknowhowtohandletheweapon
C)people'
sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon
D)theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals
18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit_______.
A)willfrightenawayanypossibleintruders
B)canshowthespecialstatusofitsowners
C)willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswell
D)cankillthoseenteringothers'
housesbyforce
19.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat_____.
A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercome
B)poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweapon
C)thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendously
D)thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis
20.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris_________.
A)doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafety
B)unhappywiththosewhovoteagainsttheownershipofH-bombs
C)notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombs
D)concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweapons
PassageThree
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique-aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:
whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld'
sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:
amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe"
handtalk"
hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:
Mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?
AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?
Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas"
substandard"
.Stokoe'
sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe-nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture-ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace."
WhatIsaid,"
Stokoeexplains,"
isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff-it'
sbrainstuff."
21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe______.
A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage
B)achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage
C)anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage
D)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage
22.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby______.
A)afamousScholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain
B)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts
C)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf
D)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage________.
23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis
A)asubstandardlanguageC)anartificiallanguage
B)agenuinelanguageD)aninternationallanguage
24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe'
sideabecausetheythought_______.
A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople
B)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted
C)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand
D)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds
25.Stokoe
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