清华考研写作讲义.docx
- 文档编号:2206042
- 上传时间:2022-10-27
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:29
- 大小:42.38KB
清华考研写作讲义.docx
《清华考研写作讲义.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《清华考研写作讲义.docx(29页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
清华考研写作讲义
第一讲 GeneralIntroduction(总记)
I.GeneralIntroduction(总论)
1.TheRoleofWriting(写作的地位)2.RequirementsforWritingintheExam(考试对写作的要求)
II.UseofLanguage(语言的使用)
1.Theuseofwords(选取最恰当的词使表达生动鲜明、充实而有效)
1)简易常用词和拼读复杂词
由于历史的缘故,英语和北欧语、希腊语、意大利语和法语有着密切的联系,由此出现许多外来词。
而这些外来词在英语本语中往往可以找到同义或近义词。
一般来说,外来词较长,拼写与记忆较难,多用于正式文体,如政府文件、学术性著作、法律文书等,属于拼读复杂词;本语词拼写较短,多用于日常写作及会话,属于简易常用词。
从应试的角度来说,由于本语词较短、易识别且使用频率高,我们提倡多使用,这样可以提高表达效率,使文章清楚明了,又可减少错误率。
Examples:
ask(本语)question(法语)interrogate(拉丁语)
2)一般词和具体词
一般词具有概括和抽象的特点,适于在段落之首提出主题思想和末尾总结概括。
而具体词可以使意思表达的更准确、生动和鲜明,适于展开主题。
Examples:
Plant:
tree,bush,vegetable,flower,fruit
Vegetable:
cabbage,turnip,carrots,onions,garlic,potatoes,cucumber,lettuce,cauliflower,pepperbroccoli,eggplant,mushrooms,tomatoes
Fruit:
apple,peach,pear,strawberry,grapes,orange,watermelon,pineapple,mango,bananas,kiwifruit,cherry,apricot
Walk:
edge,limp,shuffle,trudge,trot,pace,stagger,toddle,stroll
Look:
see,watch,observe,perceive,sight,spotscan,glancepeer,stare,gaze,behold
Laugh:
giggle,titter,chuckle,grin,guffaw
Cry:
weep,sob,groan,wail,lament,whimper
第二讲 写作考试中一些常用词
3)写作考试中一些常用词
*Althoughsheisoneofmyfriends,shestronglyagainstmyopinion.
*Sheisgettingmarriedinnextmonth.
*Hisbodyishealthy.
*Childrenaredangerouswhentheyplaywithmatches.
*Inonehandweshouldstudyhard,inotherhandweshouldbeindependentbydoingpart-timejobs.
1)Suchthingsdonothappeneveryday.Thisiseverydayoccurrence.
2)Thebirdsareflyinghighinthesky.Theleaderwashighlyrespectedbypeople.
3)Thecontemptiblemanisselfishandvain.There’sacontemptuouslookonhisface.
4)Heisarespectableoldman.Heisrespectfultowardhisteachers.
Afterthemeetingtheywentbacktotheirrespectiveprovinces.
5)Sheisdesirousofseeinghimagain.Heisthedesirablemanfortheposition.
6)Helpinghimisworthwhile.Itisworthwhilehelpinghim.
Thenovelisworthstudying.Thenovelisworthyofcarefulstudy.
Shehasledaworthylife.
7)aliveafraidalonealikeashamedasleepawakeaware
8)economiceconomicalhealthyhealthfulimaginativeimaginarybeneficialbeneficent
9)seniorjuniorsuperiorinferiorpriorposterior
10)Themajorityof,agreatnumberof,agreatmanyofAgreatdealof,agreatamountof,abitof
Alotof,aquantityof,plentyof
11)See,lookat,watch,observe,notice,perceive,hear,listento,feel,make,let,bid,have
12)It’ssurprisingthatneitherthemothernorthechildrenhavepreparedsomethingfortheChristmasparty.
Maryaswellashersisterswasveryhappytovisittheirgrandparentsinthecountry.
2.Sentence(怎样写出地道流畅的句子)
1)句子成分的一致性
*Swimmingatthelake,Jim’sfootwascutbyarock.
*Whilesmokingapipe,mydogsatwithmebythecracklingfire.
*Byplantingdifferentvarietiesofcrops,thepestswereunabletoadapt.
*Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.
但,Generallyspeaking,anativeEnglishspeakerwillfindGermaneasierthanFrench.
Totellthetruth,whatshehasdoneletusdown.
Consideringthecircumstances,hehasdoneagoodjob.
2)分句间的逻辑关系及连贯性
*Johnhadadrinkingproblemandhedroppedoutofschool.(because)
*Theemployeeisoftenlateforwork,andhewritesillogicalreports,andheisapoormanager,andheshouldbefired.(Theemployeeshouldbefiredbecauseheis…)
*Thetestwashard,andthestudentswereresentful,andtheirteacherwasirritated.(Becausethestudentsresentedthehardtest,theirteacherwasirritated.)
*Hewasknockeddownbyabicycle,butitdidnotseriouslyhurthim.(butwasnotseriouslyhurt.)
*Takeyourtime,andyoushouldbecareful.(Takeyourtimeandbecareful)
*Ireadthepassagecarefully,andseveralmistakeswerefound.
第三讲 句子的完整性
3)句子的完整性
*Myfatherwhoisverykind,learnedandhelpedmealotinmylife.
*TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseliterature.SuchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.
4)分句的连接
*Readingbooksisoneofthegreatestpleasuresofourlives,throughreadingbookswecanaddtoourknowledgeandbroadenourview.
但,
Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.
Outofsight,outofmind.
练习1:
选用恰当的词完成句子。
thushowevermeanwhilelikewiseaccordinglyfurthermorethenthereforeotherwisemoreoverbesidesthenhencealsoconsequently
1)RoanmovedtoNewYork;________,hermotherstayedinBoston.(对比)
2)Youhavedisregardedmyadvice;,Iwillnothelpyouagain.(原因)
3)Theleaderssettledtheargument;,therewouldhavebeenwar.(对比)
4)Harrisoniskind;,heisgenerous.(递进)
5)Mr.Carrwasaninvalidallhislife;,hehadanactivecareer.(对比)
6)Televisionisentertaining;,itissometimesinstructive.(递进)
7)Wemustmeetthedeadline;,adecisionisneedednow(结果)
8)Iwillstudymedicineforsixyears;Iwillbeadoctor.(时间)
9)Ilivetoofarawaytovisityouoften;,youaren
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 清华 考研 写作 讲义
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)