18版皖湘非谓语动词Word格式文档下载.docx
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18版皖湘非谓语动词Word格式文档下载.docx
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1.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal________(create)specialdesigns.(2016·
全国Ⅲ)
2.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.(2016·
考向4 祈使句及其他固定句式结构
1.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis,________(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(2016·
2.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome.(2016·
3.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;
atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·
Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)
考向1 主动与被动的混用
Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.(2016·
考向2 形容词化的现在分词与过去分词之间的混用
1.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!
浙江)
2.Momwasgratefulandmoving.(2016·
考向3 固定结构以及平行结构中非谓语动词的形式错误
1.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.(2016·
2.Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoknowingus.(2016·
3.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.(2016·
4.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.(2015·
5.Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.(2015·
6.It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.(2015·
7.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015·
8.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015·
陕西)
9.Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!
(2015·
10.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·
◆非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
种类
时态
主动
被动
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
不定式
一般式
todo
tobedone
√
进行式
tobedoing
×
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
动名词
doing
beingdone
havingdone
havingbeendone
分词
现在
过去
done(vi.)表完成
done(vt.)表被动与完成
◆非谓语动词的核心考点
1.非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语
①表示目的
IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.
②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,动词不定式前常加only。
Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.
(2)现在分词作状语
①一般式doing
表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,与句子的主语是主动关系。
Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主动关系)
②完成式havingdone
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,havingcaughtthe7:
30trainfromPaddington.
③被动式havingbeendone
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,与句子的主语是被动关系。
Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.(被动意义,非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)
(3)过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时,与句子主语之间是被动关系。
Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecityisverybeautiful.(被动关系)
2.非谓语动词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmailswaitingforher.
(2)不定式作定语
不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
不定式作定语的特殊用法:
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:
chance,right,courage,promise,time,opportunity,way,thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
Thereisnoonetolookafterher.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.
(3)过去分词作定语
过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。
Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.
Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.
注意:
表示心理状态的动词ing形式,意为“令人……的”;
动词ed形式,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
3.非谓语动词作宾语
(1)动词afford,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail,plan,agree,forget,like,prefer,decide,manage,try,arrange,determine,desire等后面接不定式作宾语;
动词come,get,grow后接不定式作宾语时,意为“逐渐地……”。
Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.
Shehasahottemper,butyouwillgrowtolikeher.
下列单词或短语后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语:
teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,findout,advise,discuss等。
Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththiskindofmatter.
(2)动词admit,appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等后要接动词ing形式作宾语。
BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.
动词短语can’tstand,giveup,feellike,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,putoff,devote...to,objectto,bebusy(in),getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),havefun等后要接动词ing形式作宾语。
Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.
介词后要接动名词作宾语,如whatabout,howabout,befondof,begoodat等的介词后接动名词。
注意on/upondoingsth.=assoonas引导的从句,作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。
Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation,hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.
表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语;
表示某一特定的或具体的行动,多接不定式作宾语。
Ilikelisteningtomusic,buttodayIdon’tliketo.
want,require,need表“需要”讲,后用不定式时,要用其被动形式;
用动名词时,用其主动形式(表被动意义)。
Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.
Thepatientrequiredexamining.
4.非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词作主语
Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语,it作形式主语)
(2)不定式作主语
Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.
Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短语作主语,it作形式主语)
5.非谓语动词作宾补
(1)分词作补语的区别
①现在分词作宾补的两大特征:
一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系;
二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。
可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有:
have,see,hear,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch,smell,feel,send,listento,lookat等。
Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.
Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.
IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被动,正在进行)
②过去分词作宾补的两大特征:
一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系;
二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系,多用来表示动作已完成。
可接过去分词作宾补的动词有:
have,see,hear,find,leave,want,make等。
Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.
Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.
(2)不定式作补语
①接带to的不定式作宾补,此类动词(短语)有:
advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,invite,leave,like,mean,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish,callon,dependon/upon,longfor,waitfor等。
Ididn’tmeanyoutohearit.
We’realllongingforthenewtermtobegin.
I’msorry,Ican’tgooutwithyou.Ihaveanurgentthingtosettle.
②接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有:
make,have,let等使役动词以及see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,feel,hear,listento等感官动词。
如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。
动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.
Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.
(3)with+宾语+宾补
Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.
Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.
Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.
6.非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时,说明主语的内容。
Thequeen’sworkislayingeggs.
(2)不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。
HisambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.
现在分词或过去分词作表语时,通常为分词化的形容词。
题组训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,________(wear)sunglasses.
2.Shewishedthathewasaseasy____________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.
3.________(build)in1192,thebridgeisover800yearsold.
4.__________(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.
5.Ididn’ttalkmuchtotheman________(sit)nexttome.
6.Sheavoided________(answer)theteacher’squestions.
7.Ithasbeenhisdream____________(travel)roundtheworld.
8.Weather________(permit),we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.
2.Lastyear,shedecidedstudyabroad.
3.Heisn’tgoodattalkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.
4.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.
5.Well,Ihadbettertostopnow.
6.Wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.
7.Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedafish.
8.Itriedhardtodoit.Suddenly,Mary,mybestfriend,askingmetolethercopymyanswers.
Ⅲ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)
Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoone1.____________(love)her.
Oneday,2.________(feel)verysadandlonely,shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.________(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefull
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