专业技术人员职称英语理工B历年真题与答案无水印Word格式.docx
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专业技术人员职称英语理工B历年真题与答案无水印Word格式.docx
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4.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.
A.pleasedB.braveC.powerfulD.sensible
5.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.
A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed
6.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.
A.refusalB.excuseC.clientD.destiny
7.They’repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.
A.planningB.preparingC.lookingD.requesting
8.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.
A.properB.normal
C.unkindD.unclear
9.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.
A.fearB.limit
C.powerD.fool
10.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.
A.fairB.fullC.publicD.coexisting
11.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.
A.gatherB.clearC.shareD.spare
12.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.
A.hideB.handleC.establishD.disclose
13.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.
A.flexibleB.reasonableC.terribleD.serious
14.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.
A.amountB.temptC.supplyD.sum
15.She’sextremelycompetentandindustrious.
A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants
Childrenhaveanincreasedriskofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool,iftheirmomsinhaled(吸入)acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'
sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'
tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:
theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.
FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'
sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthinNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'
shealth.Inanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew(排放)PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'
steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe(探查)othersourcesofPAHs,onesthatwouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.
Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.Thereason:
AnyPAHsinawoman'
sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthesechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'
smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhetherherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained(长期的)mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.Aboutonein10U.S.childrenhasADHD.
Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Othershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.
16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.
17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'
physicalhealth.
18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.
19.Thebloodofeachwomenwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.
20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.
21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.
22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.
FirstImage-recognitionSoftware
1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialIntelligence,softwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreaterthaneverbefore.
2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scale,documentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptionsmakingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3."
Overthelast30years,"
saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"
theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."
4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementin
documentretrieval
23.Par1_24.Par2__25.Par3__26.Par4__
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionofthe
HTMLpage
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby__.
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin__
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore___
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe__
DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitude
Womenwholiveintheworld'
shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.1
Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn'
tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudesorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.
Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1997and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:
LaPazandSantaCruz.LaPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.
Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."
Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,"
saysGiussani.
Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudesaredeprivedof2oxygenbeforebirth."
Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,3"
saysGiussani.
Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies4.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetotherestofthebody.
Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronaryheartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.
31.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?
A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheavier
B.Womenlivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies
C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage
D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife
32.Giussanandhisteamaresurethat______
A.babiesborninLaPazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz
B.peoplelivinginLaPazarepoorerthatthoseinSantaCruz
C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisaboveaverge
D.mothersinLaPa
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