考研英语阅读unit5Word格式.docx
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考研英语阅读unit5Word格式.docx
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做题备忘
PartA
Text1
科普知识
383
/10
Text2
391
Text3
文化教育
450
Text4
商业经济
417
PartB
622
PartC
437
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Oneairlinechiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)wasthemasterofthepersonaltouch.Spendinghourswithhisemployeesandgettingtoknowtheirjobs,hepersuadedthemtoacceptpaycutsinreturnforanownershipstake.TheconcessionputthecompanysosolidlyintheblackthattheCEOwasabletosellitfor$860million.AnotherCEOscoldedmanagersinfrontofothers,cutonethirdoftheworkforceandsoembitteredthesurvivorsthathisairlinebegantolosemoney,andtheboardofdirectorsfiredhim.
InanytestofknowledgeorIQ,thetwoCEOswouldhavedueledtoadraw.Thedifferencewastheirabilitytohandlerelationships,arguesDanielGolemaninhisnewbook,WorkingWithEmotionalIntelligence.Buildingonhis1995best-seller,EmotionalIntelligence,GolemannowprobeshowEIrelatestotheworldofwork.Ashedidinhisearlierbook,GolemanmasterfullyexplainshowalowEIhinderspeople’sfullintellectualpotentialbyfloodingthebrainwithstresshormonesthatimpairmemory,learningandthinking.Theheartofthebook,though,isananalysisofdatacollectedfrommorethan150firmsonwhatdistinguishesso-soperformersfromsuperstars.Goleman’sfindings:
conventionalintelligencetakessecondpositiontoemotionalintelligenceindeterminingjobperformance.
Injobsrangingfromrepairmantoscientist,IQaccountsfornomorethan25percentofthedifferencebetween,say,asuccessfulhigh-techentrepreneurandafailedone.Inanothersurprise,thecontributionofIQshrinksandthecontributionofEIriseswiththedifficultyofajobandhowhighitranksinanorganization.Basedontraitsthatcompaniessaydistinguishwinnersfromlosers,GolemanconcludesthatEIcarriesmuchmoreweightthanIQindeterminingsuccessatthetop.
However,themanyexamplesofCEOsandotherpeopleintoppositionswhohavetheemotionalintelligenceofasnake—butstillwereCEOs—underminethecaseforEI’sindispensabilityinbusiness.ButevenifyouacceptthatEIdetermineswhoexcels,youhavetowonderifitshould.Golemandescribeshow112entry-levelaccountantswerejudgedmoreorlesssuccessfulbytheirbossesaccordingtotheirlevelofEIratherthantheiractualskills.Nowondersomanyauditorsfailtonoticecookedbooks.
1.AccordingtoGoleman,thebiggestdifferencebetweenthetwoCEOsliesin
[A]theirattitudetowardtheiremployees.
[B]theiremotionalintelligence.
[C]theirconventionalintelligence.
[D]theirbusinessstrategy.
2.Goleman’snewbookWorkingWithEmotionalIntelligenceischieflyabout
[A]thedifferencebetweenIQandEI.
[B]therelationshipbetweenEIandjobperformance.
[C]theroleofEIinaperson’ssuccess.
[D]theimportanceofhandlingpersonalrelationship.
3.AccordingtoGoleman,whichofthefollowingpersonsowesthemosttoEIforhisorhersuccess?
[A]Plumber.
[B]Managerofthesalesdepartment.
[C]Presidentofacompany.
[D]Managerofthepersonneldepartment.
4.Thephrase“cookedbooks”inthelastsentencemostprobablymeans
[A]falsifiedaccountbooks.
[B]bookscontaininginformationforfoodpreparation.
[C]damagedbooks.
[D]piratedbooks.
5.TheauthorofthistextregardsGoleman’sfindingsas
[A]important.[B]surprising.[C]doubtful.[D]meaningless.
Thenoblerandmoreperfectathingis,thelaterandsloweritisinarrivingatmaturity.Amanreachesthematurityofhisreasoningpowersandmentalfacultieshardlybeforetheageoftwenty-eight,awomanateighteen.Andthen,too,inthecaseofwoman,itisonlyreasonofasortveryniggardinitsdimensions.Thatiswhywomenremainchildrentheirwholelifelong,neverseeinganythingbutwhatisquiteclosetothem,cleavingtothepresentmoment,takingappearanceforreality,andpreferringtriflestomattersofthefirstimportance.Foritisbyvirtueofhisreasoningfacultythatmandoesnotliveinthepresentonly,likethebrute,butlooksabouthimandconsidersthepastandthefutureandthisistheoriginofprudence,aswellasofthatcareandanxietywhichsomanypeopleexhibit.
Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantageswhichthisinvolvesaresharedinbythewomantoasmallerextentbecauseofherweakerpowerofreasoning.Shemay,infact,bedescribedasintellectuallyshort-sighted,because,whileshehasanintuitiveunderstandingofwhatliesquiteclosetoher,herfieldofvisionisnarrowanddoesnotreachtowhatisremote;
sothatthingswhichareabsent,orpast,ortocome,havemuchlesseffectuponwomenthanuponmen.Thisisthereasonwhywomenaremoreinclinedtobeextravagant,andsometimescarrytheirinclinationtoalengththatbordersuponmadness.Intheirhearts,womenthinkitismen’sbusinesstoearnmoneyandtheirstospenditifpossibleduringtheirhusband’slife,but,atanyrate,afterhisdeath.Theveryfactthattheirhusbandhandsthemoverhisearningsforpurposesofhousekeeping,strengthenstheminthisbelief.
Howevermanydisadvantagesallthismayinvolve,thereisatleastthistobesaidinitsfavor,thatthewomanlivesmoreinthepresentthantheman,andthat,ifthepresentisatalltolerable,sheenjoysitmoreeagerly.Thisisthesourceofthatcheerfulnesswhichispeculiartowomen,fittinghertoamusemaninhishoursofrecreation,and,incaseofneed,toconsolehimwhenheisbornedownbytheweightofhiscares.
6.Themajordifferencebetweenaman’sandwoman’sintellectisthat
[A]menmaturemuchlaterthanwomen.
[B]womenaremoreintuitivethanmen.
[C]womenaremorecheerfulthanmen.
[D]men’sintellectisnoblerthanthatofwoman.
7.Theword“Niggard”(Line3,Para1)probablymeans
[A]stupid.[B]limited.[C]miserly.[D]mean.
8.Thecauseofwomen’senjoymentandcheerfulnessisthat
[A]mendonotchallengetheirintellect.
[B]theyareirresponsiblebytheirverynature.
[C]theylivemoreinthepresent.
[D]theywanttoconsolemen.
9.Theauthorisprobablya
[A]philosopher.[B]gossipcolumnist.[C]happilymarriedman.[D]biologist.
10.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
[A]TheIntellectofWomenandMen
[B]WomentheShort-sighted
[C]ThinkLessWorryLess
[D]HappyWomenandAnxiousMen
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?
JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.
Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyears.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.
TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.
Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;
attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;
ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.
Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyse,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.
Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.
11.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas
[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak.
[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech.
[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak.
[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage.
12.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat
[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly.
[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce.
[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemp
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