给水处理外文文献原文+翻译文档格式.docx
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给水处理外文文献原文+翻译文档格式.docx
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pollution
is
becoming
more
grave
shorter
earth.
has
660
cities
360
them
are
short
water.
situation
110
serious
40
dangerous.
It
was
predicted
that
could
be
main
cause
local
conflict
international
wars.
also
very
astonished.
77
%
untreated
wastewater
discharged
and
46.
6
river
polluted.
clean
production
which
used
to
improve
quality
drink
treat
waste
reduce
save
resource.
lot
researchers
research
institute
membrane.
some
data
Chinese
manufacture.
Key
words
environment
CLC
number
TQ028.
8
Document
code
A
1
Introduction
Water
for
our
human
being
but
problem
than
before.
developing
country
while
it
economy
goes
forward
rapidly.
However
along
with
development
eco-environmental
worse
such
as
shortage
resources
ecological
damage
etc.
all
these
bound
have
fatal
impacts
improvement
living
standard
substantial
economy.
central
government
focusing
over
western
part
which
economic
bear
key
importance.
separation
an
advanced
been
quickly
during
past
several
decades.
In
1952
Reid
introduced
idea
desalinate
seawater
RO
first
time.
1960
Loeb
Sourirajin
produced
potential
practical
application
symbol
birth
science
technology.
40year
history
this
period
NF
UF
MF
electric
dialysis
pervaporation
liquid
reactor
were
developed
put
into
fields
energy
electronics
petroleum
petrochemical
pharmacy
heavy
light
food
brewery
people’s
daily
life
protection.
Especially
turns
wider
plays
increasingly
important
role.
2
range
problems
extremely
severe.
There
one
third
people
earth
facing
how
solve
treat
wastewater.
This
will
doubled
next
30
years.
forecast
by
experts
rather
oil
going
conflicts
regionally
even
globally.
Among
360
urgent
situation.
Further
list
ext
remely
estimated
billion
tons
annually
lack
60
2030.
Due
product
output
decreases
240
RMB
yuan
annually.
deteriorated
few
polluted
length
increased
every
year.
According
statistical
1999
5
rivers
100
000
km
monitored
but
treated
ratio
only
23
%.
[1
]
become
obstacle
social
progress.
Sanxia
reservoir
Yangzi
River
there
21
counties
discharging
wastes
River.
height
float
above
reaches
m
sometimes
6.
m.
directly
affected
work
Ge
Zhou
Ba
power
station.
causes
frequent
breakdown
Erjiang
worst
case
happened
once
time
caused
severe
plants
electricity
loss
14
kW
equal
capacity
small
not
becomes
impediment
endangers
existence
people.
Yangteng
Lake
drops
grade
3
from
undrinkable.
State
unit
ion
exchange
began
1958[2
.
1965
1970s.The
earliest
prepared
cellulose
acetate
coat
system
1980s
after
polysulfone
hollow
fiber
manufactured.
researches
went
ahead
rapidly
gas
inorganic
Although
big
grows
up
quickly.
1997
13
companies
$1.
million
(
Tab.
1)
solo
membranewas
$45
within
imported
value
$27
million.
industrial
relevant
$0.
17
about
70
sales
locally
manufactured
global
equipment
$10
billion.
$14
2000.
USA
reach
2001
annual
growth
rate
8.
0
97
Europe.
reckoned
65
2004
7.
rates
catch
Europe
coming
years
shown
Fig.
1.
increases
products
tens
institutes
20
Meanwhile
two
bases
One
aqueous
—
Development
Center
Treatment
Technology
SOA
Hangzhou
other
base
—National
Research
Dalian
4
Application
depends
effectiveness
cost
process.
As
endowed
many
advantages
high
selectivity
applicability
under
ambient
temperature
without
phase
change
low
level
automation
4.
Desalination
black
most
economical
way
desalination
consumption
less
kW·
h/
t
or
0.
53
biggest
plant
can
produce
×
105m3/
d
105
m3/
d.
seems
ROis
best
method
drinking
draught
areas.
verified
fact
largest
located
Middle
East
tab.
2[3
Purification
tool
purification
because
remove
suspended
substance
bacteria
toxic
metallic
components
organic
quality.
90
city
productive
water,
supplied
domestic
To
supply
separately
resident
zones
effective
Supplying
special
purpose.
Separate
built
Beijing
Shenyang
mainly
use
five
world
total
1998
22
735
Reuse
municipal
sewage
City
Recycled
different
purposes
effectiveway
factories
another
const
ruction.
addition
15
mount
80
2006.
Two
flow
out
factories.
After
reused
purpose
green
area
fields.
reduced
fully
utilized.
If
th
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