大学英语四级CET4全真试题Word文件下载.docx
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大学英语四级CET4全真试题Word文件下载.docx
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3.为了建设绿色校园我们应该……
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
DirectionsInthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid
Goodgradesandhightestscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.
Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examingwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.
GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.
Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.
Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;
generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(资格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.
Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.
Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreColllegeeconomistSandyBaum.
Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.
“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&
WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.
Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1milionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”
Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.
Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.
Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(异口同声)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon.”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.
DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.
“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid.“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”
Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.
ThatisonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.
“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.
EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐赠),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.
“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoints,too,hesays,“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”
Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid
Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.
Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschooloratearcheraspartofthequalificationprocess.
Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.
Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(选辑)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.
A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaid
B)revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies
C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaid
D)changingtheiradmissionprocesses
2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago
A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.
B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.
C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.
D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.
3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto________.
A)improveteachingquality
B)boosttheirenrollments
C)attractgoodstudents
D)increasetheirrevenues
4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believed________.
A)itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking
B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements
C)it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents
D)it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition
5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto________.
A)moregovernmentfundingtocolleges
B)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions
C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudents
D)schools’improvedfinancialsituations
6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird
A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.
B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.
C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.
D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.
7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritentirely
A)Risingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.
B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.
C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.
D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.
8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain________.
9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho________theirexceptionalathleticperformance.
10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir________inaparticularartisticfield.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
DirectionsInthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked
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