The Meaning of Body Language in Different CultureWord格式文档下载.docx
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The Meaning of Body Language in Different CultureWord格式文档下载.docx
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ProfessorJiangPing
February27.2006
EnglishDepartmentofTheHangKongGangCampusofSiChuanNormalUniversity
Outline
Introduction
1.Acomparisonofbodylanguageindifferentcultures.
1.1Spacedomination.
1.2Eyecontact.
1.3Bodycontact:
1.3.1Holdinghands.
1.3.2Hugandkiss.
1.3.3Othertouches.
1.4Gestures.
1.5Thefacialexpression.
2.Thenecessityandimportanceoflearningbodylanguage.
Conclusion
Abstract
“Bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isapartofculture.Butnotallbodylanguagemeansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommunication.Forexample:
differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouttheproperdistancebetweenpeoplewhoisconversing;
andtheappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithdifferentcultures.Onecoulddrawupquitealistof“rules”abouteyecontact:
tolookornottolook;
whentolookandhowlongtolook;
whoandwhonottolookat.Smileandlaughterusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasure,joyandmerriment,and,thisisgenerallytrueinChinaaswellasinotherEnglish-speakingcountries.However,therearesituationswhenasmileofChinesepeoplewillriseanegativereactionofthewesterners.Gesturescanalsobeparticularlytroublesome,foraslightdifferenceinmakingthegesturecanmeansomethingquitedifferentfromthatintended,besides,awronginterpretationofagesturecanarousequiteunexpectedreactionsandsoon.Thereforeinordertocommunicateeffectivelyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldalsoknowspacedomination,eyecontact,bodycontact,gestures,thefacialexpressionandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.Inasense,allbodylanguageshouldbeinterpretedinagivenculture,andtoignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.AcomparisonofbodylanguageofChineseandEnglishspeakingCountryshowsanumberofdiversitiesofbodylanguage.Itshowstheimportanceofstudyingthespecificgesturesthatgowithalanguage.
Keywords:
nonverbalcommunicationbodylanguagemeaning
differentculture
摘要
“身势语”同语言一样,都是文化的一部分。
在不同文化中,身势语的意义并不完全相同。
各民族有不同的非语言交际方式。
例如:
不同的民族在谈话时,对双方保持多大距离才合适有不同的看法。
谈话双方身体接触的次数多少因文化不同而各异;
在目光接触这一方面也有许多规定:
看不看对方,什么时候看,看多久,什么人可以看,什么人不可以看。
在某些场合下,在中国和其他在讲英语的国家无论微笑还是大笑,通常表示友好﹑赞同﹑满意﹑高兴﹑愉快,但是在某些场合,中国人的笑会引起西方人的反感。
打手势时动作稍有不同,就会与原来的意图有所区别,对某种手势理解错了,也会引起意外的反应等等。
因此,要用外语进行有效的交际,在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的空间支配、目光接触、身体接触、手势、面部表情等所表示的意思。
从某种意义上说,一切身势语都要放在一定的文化中理解;
忽视这点就会发生误解。
而通过对不同文化下身势语不同含义的对比研究显示了身势语得多样性,表明了了解另一种语言中身势语的重要性.
关键词:
非语言交际身势语含义不同文化
Introduction:
Everybodyknowsthatwordscancarrymessages.Peoplecommunicatewithwords.Books,magazines,TV,radioandfilmsallhelpustocommunicatewithothers.Theyallhelpustoknowwhatisgoingonintheworldandwhatotherpeoplearethinkingabout.Doyouthinkyoucancommunicatewithoutwords?
Asmileonyourfaceshowsyouarehappyorfriendly.Tearsinyoureyestellothersthatyouaresad.Whenyouputupyourhandinclass,theteacherknowsyouwanttosaysomethingoraskaquestion.Youshakeyourhead,andpeopleknowyouaresaying“No”.Younodandpeopleknowyouaresaying“Yes”.Therearealotofotherthingswhichcanalsocarrymessages.Whatwecallthatis“bodylanguage”.Likeverballanguage,“Bodylanguage”,expressesthesilentandrealfeelinginone’sinnerworld.Isalsoapartofculture.Itconcludesspacedomination,eyecontact,bodycontact,gestureactionandthefacialexpression.Itplaysanimportantroleinthenonverbalcommunication.Withthepopularizationofinterculturalcommunication,thenonverbalcommunicationalsobecomesmoreandmoreimportant.Therefore,weshouldpaymoreattentionto“bodylanguage”.Ontheotherhand,notallbodylanguagemeansthesamemeaningindifferentculture,andallbodylanguageshouldbeinterpretedinagivenculture,otherwisetheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.Therefore,acomparisonofthedifferentmeaningofbodylanguageindifferentcultureisnecessary.
1.1Spacedomination.
People’scontrolandapplicationofspaceasawayofcommunicationiscalled“Proxernics”.Animals,birds,fishallhas“safedistance”.Humanbeings,likethoseanimals,alsohavethefellingofthesphereofinfluence.Astothisphenomenon,HoerDoctorhasposed4kindsoflimitation.
(1).Intimatedistance(0-45cm).Itissuitableforrelationbetweencoupleorlover.
(2).Personaldistance(45-120cm).Itislimitedtothecommunicationoffriends,acquaintancesorrelations.(3).Socialdistance(120-360cm).Itisusedintheoccasionoftacklingpublicaffair.(4).Publicdistance(360-750cm).Itissuitablefornon-formalparty.Fromthe4kindsoflimitation,mankindprotecteachotheraccordingtotheintimatedegreeofrelation.
Differentnationanddifferentcultureconstitutedifferentspace.ManyEnglishspeakersdon’tlikethattheircounter-partiesgettooclosetothemwhentheyaretalking.Theywanttokeepcertaindistancefromthetalker.Onthecontrary,whenaSpaniardandanArabianaretalking,theycouldkeepcloseandneardistance.And,whenanAmericanandaJapanesearetalking,theformermaystepbackbutthelattermaystepforwards.Inthecarortheothervehicles,theChinesecantoleratethestrangerwhokeepsnodistancewiththem,butthewesternpeoplecannotdoso.Thatisbecausethewesternpeoplepursuemorefreedomandmorebroadspace.
Studieshaveshownthatindividualthatdonotrespectothers’spacearelesspopularandoftenrejectedbyothers.Soweshouldknowthespaceofpeopleindifferentculture,orwemaymakemistakesduringtheinterculturalcommunication.
1.2Eyecontact.
ThemodernSpanishphilosopherAotagasaid“thespeakers’eyescantellyoutheirinnerworld”.Manandwomanexchangetheirlovebyeyes.From“Thewholesoulishiddeninhiseyes”to“Don’tsay,youreyeshavealreadytoldmewhatyouwanttosay”,wecanseetheimportantfunctionofeyecontactincommunication.
Eyecontactisanessentialpartofanycommunication.Withoutitpeopleareunlikelytorelatetothemessageinameaningfulway.Notmanypeoplerealizehowimportanteyecontactis,orhowsensitivepeoplearetoit.Eyecontactshouldbeapositiveformofbodylanguagecommunication,butifitisnotusedcorrectlyitcaneasilybecomenegative.
ThedoctorFastersaid,oncehisfriendandhecamedownstairsintheelevator,hisfriendlookedupanddownatabeautifulgirl,whenthedoorofelevatoropened,thegirlacrossedoutoftheelevatorandreturnedtoroartohisfriend:
“Didn’tyouseeawoman?
Youareanoldlady-killer!
”HisfriendaskedDoctor.Faster“what’swrongdidIdo?
”awkwardly.Infact,hisfaultwastoogreedytoseestaringatpeople,whichmeanstouchingthebodyofothers.Itobeysthemostimportantrulerofnonverbalcontacting.
InEnglishspeakingcountry,itisimpropertostaringattheothersortoolong.Itiseveninappropriatetoseepeoplewiththeappreciativesightthattheothersidelooksbeautiful,whichwillmakepeopletogetangrytoo.Alotofforeignerstakeatriptoothercountries,andsometimestheyfeelveryangryandawkwardbecausethelocalsarestaringatthem,thinkingthatthepeopleareimpolite,andhardlyrealizingthatitisanordinaryaffairtoseeothersbecauseofcuriosityinthiscountry.AlotofforeignerswhospeakEnglishinChinahaverevealeddiscontentedmoodtothisproblem.Agoodfriendoftheauthor'
sisayoungwomanfromU.S.A.,andshedecidestocomebackhomebecausepeopleoftenstareather.ShelikesteachinginBeijingverymuch,havingdeepemotionstoChinaandChinesepeople,butshereallycannotstandbytheimpolitescenethatsheisoftensurroundedandwatchedeverywhere.Infact,herstatureisverytallandbig,andisapttocausethepasserby'
scuriosity.Butthiscannotbetakenasthereasontoimpolitelysurroundandwatchforeigners.SheisreluctanttopartwithuswhenleavingChina,butshehasstillcomebackhomeaheadoftime.Whatastrongdisgustcausedbybeingseenandsurrounded!
Avoidingshiftingeyesandheadquicklyduringconversationwhensomeoneasksyouaquestion.Donotlookdownorlooktotheside.Lookdirectlyatthepersonwithasenseofconfidencebutnotoverbearinglythreateninginnature.
Indifferentcountries,theeyecontacthasdifferentmeanings.Forexample,twoArabswilllookateachotherenthusiasticallywhentheytalkwitheachother.Becausetheythinkeyesarethekeyofexistenceoflife.Butiftwomenstareateachotherforalongtime,theymaybethoughtasgays.ThegentleEnglishwilllookatyoureyes,andtheFrenchliketheappreciatedcontactwitheyes.TheeyesshowthatalthoughIdon’tknowyou,Iappreciateyouheartfromheart.SoFrenchmanisgazingatwomaninpublicisthepublicculturalcriterion.TheJapanesewilllookatyourneckwhentheytalkwithyou.Theydon’tlookatyoureyes,fortheythinklookattheothers’eyesisnotpolite.WhilewhenyoustareattheChinese,theywillfeelthatyouareoneviloritisanobviouschallenge.
1.3Bodycontact.
Likelanguageandgesture,bodycontactcanalsosendthemessage.
Theanthropologistdividesthecultureintotwoparts:
thetouchcultureandnon-touchculture.Fromchildrentoadults,dif
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