词汇学期末复习题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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词汇学期末复习题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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A.logicalB.arbitraryC.inherentD.automatic
5.TheprehistoricIndo-Europeanparentlanguageisthoughttobe______.
A.Ahighlyinflectedlanguage.B.Ahighlydevelopedlanguage.
C.Averydifficultlanguage.D.Alanguageofleveledendings.
6.Morethanonevariant,whichcanrealizesomemorphemesaccordingtothepositioninaword,aretermed.
A.phonemesB.allomorphsC.morphsD.phones
7.Affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareknownas.
A.morphemesB.derivationalmorphemes
C.inflectionalmorphemesD.suffixes
8.isdefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas.
A.derivation,affixationB.affixation,derivation
C.derivative,affixationD.affixation,derivative
9.Sometimes,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsseparateelements,forexample,.
A.hotdogB.redmeatC.flowerpotD.fathead
10.isuniversaltoallmenalikeregardlessofculture,race,languageandsoonwhilebelongstolanguage,soisrestrictedtolanguageuse.
A.meaning,conceptB.concept,meaning
C.sense,referenceD.reference,sense
11.Whenreaderscomeacrosstheword“home”inreading,theymayberemindedoftheirfamily,friends,warmth,safety,love.Thatisbecauseofthe“home”has_______.
A.collocationsB.connotations
C.denotationsD.perorations
12.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoasemanticfield?
A.steed,charger,palfrey,plug,nagB.pony,mustang,mule,stud,mare
C.policeman,constable,bobby,copD.domicile,residence,abode,home
13.Whichgroupofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms?
A.dear(alovedperson)—deer(akindofanimal)
B.bow(bendingtheheadasagreeting)—bow(thedeviceusedforshooting)
C.bank(theedgeoftheriver)—bank(anestablishmentformoneybusiness)
D.right(correct)—write(putdownonpaperwithapen)
14.Thepartofapieceofwritingorspeechwhichsurroundsawordandhelpstoexplainitsmeaningiscalled_______.
A.LinguisticcontextB.Grammaticalcontext
C.Extra-linguisticcontextD.Para-linguisticcontext
15.meansthroughalldifficultiesandtroubles.
A.throughhighandlowB.throughthickandthin
C.fromheadtofootD.fromstarttofinish
PartIITrueorfalsequestions.
1.Aruleofword-formationisusuallyidenticalwithasyntacticrule.
2.Word-formationrulesthemselvesarenotfixedbutundergochangestoacertainextent.
3.Affixeslike“-th”areveryproductiveincurrentEnglish.
4.Thechieffunctionofprefixesistochangethewordclassofthestems.
5.Theprimaryfunctionofsuffixesistochangethemeaningofthestem.
6.Compoundsarewordsformedbycombiningaffixesandstems.
7.“-age,-al,-ance,-ation,-ence”in“linkage,dismissal,attendance,protection,existence”canproducelargelyconcretenounsbybeingaddedtoverbstems.
8.Themeaningofacompoundisusuallythecombinationofstems.
9.Thefreephrasehastheprimarystressonthefirstelementandthesecondarystress,ifany,onthesecond.
10.Inbothcompoundsandfreephrasestheadjectiveelementcantakeinflectionalsuffixes.
11.Conversionisonlyachangeofgrammaticalfunctionofalexicalitemwithnolossofitsdifferentrangeofmeaningoriginallyconveyed.
12.Afullyconvertednounfromanadjectivehasallthefeaturesofnounsexcepttakinganindefinitearticleor,-(e)stoindicatesingularorpluralnumber.
13.Generally,conjunctions,modals,finiteverbs,prepositionscan’tbeconvertedtonouns.
14.AlthoughblendsandbackformedwordshavealreadyachievedpopularityinEnglish,theyarenotadvisabletobeusedfrequentlyinformalwriting.
15.Quiteanumberofderivationalaffixeshavemorethanonemeaning.
16.SimplewordsinEnglishareusuallynon-motivated.
17.Lexicalmeaningisdominantincontentwords.
18.Componentialanalysishasnodisadvantages.
19.Polysemicandhomonymouswordsarestylisticallyusefultoachievinghumororirony,ortoheightendramaticeffect.
20.Inmostcases,thenativetermismoreliterarythantheforeignone.
PartIIICompletethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.
1.Morphemesareabstract______units,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmorph_______.Themorphemeistothemorphwhataphoneme_____istoaphone.Somemorphemesarerealizedbymorethanonemorph.Suchalternativemorphsareknownasallomorphs___________.
2.Awordisaminimalfree_______formofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.
3.Functionalwordsdonothavenotionsoftheirown.Therefore,theyarealsocalled_empty_____words.
4.Accordingtosemantics,awordisaunitofmeaning.
5.Boundmorphemesincludeboundrootsandaffixes.
6.Themostproductive
meansofwordformationareaffixation
compounding
andconversion
.
7.Onlywhenaconnectionhasbeen,establishedbetweenthelinguisticsign
andareferent
doesthesignbecomemeaningful.
8.Mostmorphemesarerealizedbysinglewordslike"
bird,tree,green"
etc,Wordsofthesekindsarecalledmonomorphemic
words.
9.WithNorseinvasion____,manyScandinavianwordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.
10.Antonymsareclassifiedonthebasisofsemanticopposition.
PartIVExplainthefollowingtermswithproperexamples.
1.Explainwithexamplesmorpheme,morphandallomorph
2.Semanticfield
PartVAnswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatiscollocativemeaning?
Giveatleastoneexampletoillustrateyourpoint.
2.Studythefollowingsentence,payingspecialattentiontothewordsinitalics.Ifyoufindanythingwrong,pleaseexplainwhyandthenimprovethesentence.
Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingaboutmidnight.
3.Analyzesthemorphologicalstructuresofthefollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.
unbearable,international,ex-prisoner
AnswersforExercise1
1-5DACBA6-10BCBCB11-15BBCAB
1.F2.T3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.F9.F10.F11.F12.F13.F14.T15.T16.T17.T18.F19.T20.F
PartIIIFillintheblanks.
1.abstract,morph,phoneme,allomorphs2.free3.empty4.meaning5.bound,affixes6.affixation,compounding,conversion7.referent8.monomorphemic9.Norseinvasion10.semanticopposition
PartIVExplainthefollowingterms
1.Inmorpheme-basedmorphology,amorphemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitthathassemanticmeaning.Amorphemeisfreeifitcanstandalone,orboundifitisusedexclusivelyalongsideafreemorpheme.
Morphsaretheactualphoneticrepresentationsofthesamemorpheme.
Anallomorphisavariantformofthesamemorpheme,andallthemorphsofthesamemorphemearegroupedasbeingtheallomorphsofamorpheme.Theconceptoccurswhenaunitofmeaningcanvaryinsound(phonologically)withoutchangingmeaning.
Englishexample:
Theword"
unbreakable"
hasthreemorphemes:
"
un-"
aboundmorpheme;
break"
afreemorpheme;
and"
-able"
aboundmorpheme."
isalsoaprefix,"
isasuffix.Both"
areaffixes.
Themorphemeplural-shasthemorph"
-s"
/s/,incats(/kæ
ts/),but"
-es"
/ɨz/,indishes(/dɪʃɨz/),andeventhevoiced"
/z/,indogs(/dɒgz/)."
.Theseareallomorphsofthesamemorphemeplural-s.
2.Theconceptisfromtheconceptof“field”inphysics,referringtotheclusteringofanumberofsemanticallyrelatedwords.Asemanticfieldisasetoflexemesinanamedconceptualareathatinterrelateanddefineeachotherinspecificways.Ageneraldescriptionisthatwordsinasemanticfieldarenotsynonymous,butareallusedtotalkaboutthesamegeneralphenomenon.Forexample,thesemanticfieldof“bugs”mayincludebees,spiders,moths,wasps,fliesetc.Accordingtosemanticfieldtheoryameaningofawordisdependentpartlyonitsrelationtootherwordsinthesameconceptualarea.Thekindsofsemanticfieldsvaryfromculturetoculture.
1.Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,'
pretty'
and'
handsome'
sharetheconceptualmeaningof'
goodlooking'
butaredistinguishedbytherangeofnounstheycollocatewith:
prettyhandsome.
2.Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingaboutmidnight.
(1)itisambiguous
(2)ambiguitycausedbythestructure
(3)stopdrinkingcanbeunderstoodas
1)policestopdrinkingbythemselves
2)policestoppeopledrinking
(4)improvement
1)Thepolicewereorderedtostoppeopledrinkingaboutmidnight.
2)Thepolicewereorderedtostopdrinkingbythemselvesaboutmidnight.
3.Morphemeisthesmallestlinguisticu
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