奥巴马诺贝尔奖获奖感言英文文档格式.docx
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奥巴马诺贝尔奖获奖感言英文文档格式.docx
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AndyetIwouldberemissifIdidnotacknowledgetheconsiderablecontroversythatyourgenerousdecisionhasgenerated.(Laughter.)Inpart,thisisbecauseIamatthebeginning,andnottheend,ofmylaborsontheworldstage.Comparedtosomeofthegiantsofhistorywho’vereceivedthisprize--SchweitzerandKing;
MarshallandMandela--myaccomplishmentsareslight.Andthentherearethemenandwomenaroundtheworldwhohavebeenjailedandbeateninthepursuitofjustice;
thosewhotoilinhumanitarianorganizationstorelievesuffering;
theunrecognizedmillionswhosequietactsofcourageandcompassioninspireeventhemosthardenedcynics.Icannotarguewiththosewhofindthesemenandwomen--someknown,someobscuretoallbutthosetheyhelp--tobefarmoredeservingofthishonorthanI.
ButperhapsthemostprofoundissuesurroundingmyreceiptofthisprizeisthefactthatIamtheCommander-in-Chiefofthemilitaryofanationinthemidstoftwowars.Oneofthesewarsiswindingdown.TheotherisaconflictthatAmericadidnotseek;
oneinwhichwearejoinedby42othercountries--includingNorway--inanefforttodefendourselvesandallnationsfromfurtherattacks.
Still,weareatwar,andI’mresponsibleforthedeploymentofthousandsofyoungAmericanstobattleinadistantland.Somewillkill,andsomewillbekilled.AndsoIcomeherewithanacutesenseofthecostsofarmedconflict--filledwithdifficultquestionsabouttherelationshipbetweenwarandpeace,andourefforttoreplaceonewiththeother.
Nowthesequestionsarenotnew.War,inoneformoranother,appearedwiththefirstman.Atthedawnofhistory,itsmoralitywasnotquestioned;
itwassimplyafact,likedroughtordisease--themannerinwhichtribesandthencivilizationssoughtpowerandsettledtheirdifferences.
Andovertime,ascodesoflawsoughttocontrolviolencewithingroups,sodidphilosophersandclericsandstatesmenseektoregulatethedestructivepowerofwar.Theconceptofa“justwar”emerged,suggestingthatwarisjustifiedonlywhencertainconditionsweremet:
ifitiswagedasalastresortorinself-defense;
iftheforceusedisproportional;
andif,wheneverpossible,civiliansaresparedfromviolence.
Ofcourse,weknowthatformostofhistory,thisconceptof“justwar”wasrarelyobserved.Thecapacityofhumanbeingstothinkupnewwaystokilloneanotherprovedinexhaustible,asdidourcapacitytoexemptfrommercythosewholookdifferentorpraytoadifferentGod.Warsbetweenarmiesgavewaytowarsbetweennations--totalwarsinwhichthedistinctionbetweencombatantandcivilianbecameblurred.Inthespanof30years,suchcarnagewouldtwiceengulfthiscontinent.Andwhileit’shardtoconceiveofacausemorejustthanthedefeatoftheThirdReichandtheAxispowers,WorldWarIIwasaconflictinwhichthetotalnumberofcivilianswhodiedexceededthenumberofsoldierswhoperished.
Inthewakeofsuchdestruction,andwiththeadventofthenuclearage,itbecamecleartovictorandvanquishedalikethattheworldneededinstitutionstopreventanotherworldwar.Andso,aquartercenturyaftertheUnitedStatesSenaterejectedtheLeagueofNations--anideaforwhichWoodrowWilsonreceivedthisprize--Americaledtheworldinconstructinganarchitecturetokeepthepeace:
aMarshallPlanandaUnitedNations,mechanismstogovernthewagingofwar,treatiestoprotecthumanrights,preventgenocide,restrictthemostdangerousweapons.
Inmanyways,theseeffortssucceeded.Yes,terriblewarshavebeenfought,andatrocitiescommitted.ButtherehasbeennoThirdWorldWar.TheColdWarendedwithjubilantcrowdsdismantlingawall.Commercehasstitchedmuchoftheworldtogether.Billionshavebeenliftedfrompoverty.Theidealsoflibertyandself-determination,equalityandtheruleoflawhavehaltinglyadvanced.Wearetheheirsofthefortitudeandforesightofgenerationspast,anditisalegacyforwhichmyowncountryisrightfullyproud.
Andyet,adecadeintoanewcentury,thisoldarchitectureisbucklingundertheweightofnewthreats.Theworldmaynolongershudderattheprospectofwarbetweentwonuclearsuperpowers,butproliferationmayincreasetheriskofcatastrophe.Terrorismhaslongbeenatactic,butmoderntechnologyallowsafewsmallmenwithoutsizedragetomurderinnocentsonahorrificscale.
Moreover,warsbetweennationshaveincreasinglygivenwaytowarswithinnations.Theresurgenceofethnicorsectarianconflicts;
thegrowthofsecessionistmovements,insurgencies,andfailedstates--allthesethingshaveincreasinglytrappedciviliansinunendingchaos.Intoday’swars,manymoreciviliansarekilledthansoldiers;
theseedsoffutureconflictaresown,economiesarewrecked,civilsocietiestornasunder,refugeesamassed,childrenscarred.
Idonotbringwithmetodayadefinitivesolutiontotheproblemsofwar.WhatIdoknowisthatmeetingthesechallengeswillrequirethesamevision,hardwork,andpersistenceofthosemenandwomenwhoactedsoboldlydecadesago.Anditwillrequireustothinkinnewwaysaboutthenotionsofjustwarandtheimperativesofajustpeace.
Wemustbeginbyacknowledgingthehardtruth:
Wewillnoteradicateviolentconflictinourlifetimes.Therewillbetimeswhennations--actingindividuallyorinconcert--willfindtheuseofforcenotonlynecessarybutmorallyjustified.
ImakethisstatementmindfulofwhatMartinLutherKingJr.saidinthissameceremonyyearsago:
“Violenceneverbringspermanentpeace.Itsolvesnosocialproblem:
itmerelycreatesnewandmorecomplicatedones.”AssomeonewhostandshereasadirectconsequenceofDr.King’slifework,Iamlivingtestimonytothemoralforceofnon-violence.Iknowthere’snothingweak--nothingpassive--nothingna?
ve--inthecreedandlivesofGandhiandKing.
Butasaheadofstatesworntoprotectanddefendmynation,Icannotbeguidedbytheirexamplesalone.Ifacetheworldasitis,andcannotstandidleinthefaceofthreatstotheAmericanpeople.Formakenomistake:
Evildoesexistintheworld.Anon-violentmovementcouldnothavehaltedHitler’sarmies.NegotiationscannotconvincealQaeda’sleaderstolaydowntheirarms.Tosaythatforcemaysometimesbenecessaryisnotacalltocynicism--itisarecognitionofhistory;
theimperfectionsofmanandthelimitsofreason.
Iraisethispoint,Ibeginwiththispointbecauseinmanycountriesthereisadeepambivalenceaboutmilitaryactiontoday,nomatterwhatthecause.Andattimes,thisisjoinedbyareflexivesuspicionofAmerica,theworld’ssolemilitarysuperpower.
Buttheworldmustrememberthatitwasnotsimplyinternationalinstitutions--notjusttreatiesanddeclarations--thatbroughtstabilitytoapost-WorldWarIIworld.Whatevermistakeswehavemade,theplainfactisthis:
TheUnitedStatesofAmericahashelpedunderwriteglobalsecurityformorethansixdecadeswiththebloodofourcitizensandthestrengthofourarms.TheserviceandsacrificeofourmenandwomeninuniformhaspromotedpeaceandprosperityfromGermanytoKorea,andenableddemocracytotakeholdinplacesliketheBalkans.Wehavebornethisburdennotbecauseweseektoimposeourwill.Wehavedonesooutofenlightenedself-interest--becauseweseekabetterfutureforourchildrenandgrandchildren,andwebelievethattheirliveswillbebetterifothers’childrenandgrandchildrencanliveinfreedomandprosperity.
Soyes,theinstrumentsofwardohavearoletoplayinpreservingthepeace.Andyetthistruthmustcoexistwithanother--thatnomatterhowjustified,warpromiseshumantragedy.Thesoldier’scourageandsacrificeisfullofglory,expressingdevotiontocountry,tocause,tocomradesinarms.Butwaritselfisneverglorious,andwemustnevertrumpetitassuch.
Sopartofourchallengeisreconcilingthesetwoseeminglyinreconcilabletruths--thatwarissometimesnecessary,andwaratsomelevelisanexpressionofhumanfolly.Concretely,wemustdirectourefforttothetaskthatPresidentKennedycalledforlongago.“Letusfocus,”hesaid,“onamorepractical,moreattainablepeace,basednotonasuddenrevolutioninhumannaturebutonagradualevolutioninhumaninstitutions.”Agradualevolutionofhumaninstitutions.
Whatmightthisevolutionlooklike?
Whatmightthesepracticalstepsbe?
Tobeginwith,Ibelievethatallnations--strongandweakalike--mustadheretostandardsthatgoverntheuseofforce.I--likeanyheadofstate--reservetherighttoactunilaterallyifnecessarytodefendmynation.Nevertheless,Iamconvincedthatadheringtostandards,internationalstandards,strengthensthosewhodo,andisolatesandweakensthosewhodon’t.
TheworldralliedaroundAmericaafterthe9/11attacks,andcontinuestosupportoureffortsinAfghanistan,becauseofthehorrorofthosesenselessattacksandtherecognizedprincipleofself-defense.Likewise,theworldrecognizedtheneedtoconfrontSaddamHusseinwhenheinvadedKuwait--aconsensusthatsentaclearmessagetoallaboutthecostofaggression.
Furthermore,America--infact,nonation--caninsistthatothersfollowtherulesoftheroadifwerefusetofollowthemourselves.Forwhenw
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