考博英语试题 II文档格式.docx

考博英语试题 II文档格式.docx

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Eachofthepassagesisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PutyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.（30%）

PassageOne

WhatMakesa“MillennialMind”?



Since1000AD,around30billionpeoplehavebeenbornonourplanet.Thevastmajorityhavecomeandgoneunknowntoallbuttheirfriendsandfamily.Afewhaveleftsometraceonhistory:

adiscoverymade,perhaps,orarecordbroken.Ofthose,fewerstillarerememberedlongaftertheirdeath.Yetofallthepeoplewhohavelivedtheirlivesduringthelast1,000years,just38haveachievedthestatusof“MillennialMinds”-that’sbarelyoneinabillion.ThosewhoselivesFocushaschronicledhavethusbecomemembersofpossiblythemostexclusivelistofalltime.Andchoosingwhoshouldbeincludedwasnoteasy.

Fromthebeginning,thesinglemostimportantcriterionwasthatthe“MillennialMinds”arethosewhodidmorethanmerelyachievegreatnessintheirowntime,orinonefield.ThusmerewinnersofNobelPrizeshadnoautomaticrighttoinclusion,norartistswhogainedfameintheirownera,butwhosereputationhasfadedwithchangingfashion.Theachievementsofthegenuine“MillennialMind”affectourlivesevennow,ofteninwayssofundamentalthatitishardtoimaginewhattheworldwaslikebefore.

NoteventranscendentgeniuswasenoughtoguaranteeaplaceintheFocuslist.Torateasa“MillennialMind”,thelifeandachievementsalsohadtocastlightonthecomplexnatureofcreativity:

itsorigins,nature,anditspersonalcost.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat__________.

A.Focushadalistof“MillennialMinds”workedoutinsecret

B.Focushadcompiledabiographicalbookofthelivesof“MillennialMinds”

C.Focus’slistofthe“MillennialMinds”consistsofastrictlyselectedfew

D.Focustriedhardtoexcludemostofthefamouslivesfromthelistofthe“MillennialMinds”

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.NobelPrizewinnersarenotqualifiedforthe“MillennialMinds”.

B.A“MillennialMind”needsonlytohaveagreatinfluenceonthelivesofthepeopleofhistime.

C.Onlythosewhoseachievementsstillgreatlyaffectourlivestodaycanbeincludedinthelistofthe“MillennialMinds”.

D.The“MillennialMinds”arethosewhohavechangedhumanlivessomuchthatpeopleoflatergenerationscannotrememberwhatthingswerelikeinthepast.

3.Inthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph,“transcendentgenius”means__________.

A.peoplewhoareexceptionallysuperiorandgreatintalent

B.peoplewhoseachievementsarenotforgottenbylatergenerations

C.peoplewhosegeniushasbeenpasseddowntothepresenttime

D.peoplewhohaveguaranteedthemselvesaplaceintheFocuslist

4.Inthethirdparagraph,thephrase“castlighton”canbereplacedby__________.

A.shineover　　　　B.lightup　　　　C.shedlighton　　　　　　D.brightenup

PassageTwo

TributetoDr.CarloUrbani,IdentifierofSARS

Onthe29thofMarch,2003,theWorldHealthOrganizationdoctorCarolUrbanidiedofSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome,thefast-spreadingpneumoniathathadkilled54peopleworldwide.

The46-year-oldItaliandoctorwasthefirstWHOofficertoidentifytheoutbreakofthisnewdiseaseinanAmericanbusinessman.Dr.UrbanifirstsawtheUSbusinessmanonFeb.28,twodaysafterthepatienthadbeenadmittedtoahospitalinHanoi.AlthoughUrbanihadwornamask,helackedgogglesandotherprotectiveclothing.HebegandemandingthatHanoihospitalsstockuponprotectivegearandtightenupinfectioncontrolprocedures.Buthewasfrustratedathowlongitwastakingtoteachinfection-controlprocedurestopeopleinhospitals.Therewereshortagesofsupplies,likedisposablemasks,gowns,gloves.

Afterthreeweeksofround-the-clockeffort,Urbani’ssuperiorurgedhimtotakeafewdaysofftoattendamedicalmeetinginBangkok,wherehewastotalkonchildhoodparasites.Thedayafterhearrived,hebeganfeelingill-withsymptomsofthenewdisease.Hecalledhiswife,nowlivinginHanoiwiththeirthreechildren.Hesaid:

“GobacktoItalyandtakethechildren,becausethiswillbetheendforme.”Dr.Urbanidevelopedafeverandwasputintoisolationwhereheremaineduntilhisdeath.TheWHOrepresentativeinHanoisaid:

“Hewasverymuchadoctor,hisfirstgoalwastohelppeople.”

HewasburiedonApril2,2003inCastelplanio,centralItaly,leavingbehindhiswifeandchildren.ThemeasureshehelpedputinplacebeforehisdeathappeartohavedousedtheSARSwildfireinVietnam.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

A.Dr.UrbanicaughtSARSfromanAmericanbusinessmanwhowashospitalizedinHanoi.

B.Therewerenotenoughdisposablemasks,gowns,glovesandprotectiveequipment.

C.Heknewhehadlittlehopetosurviveafterhewasfoundinfected.

D.Dr.Urbanihadhelpedcombatingthenewdiseasebyputtinginplaceaseriesofinfection-controlmeasures.

6.Inthethirdparagraph,“threeweeksofround-clockeffort”means__________.

A.forthreeweeksthehospitalwastakinginSARSpatientswithoutstopping

B.DrUrbaniworkeddayandnightforthreeweeks,tryingtogetSARSundercontrol

C.forthreeweeksDr.Urbanididnothaveanytimetosleep,tryinghardtofightthenewdisease

D.AfterthreeweekshardworktocontrolSARS,thehospitalsuperiorthoughtitwastimetostoptheclock

7.Accordingtothecontext,theword“doused”inthelastsentenceofthispassagecouldbebestreplacedwith__________.

A.extinguished　　　　　　B.eliminated　　C.solved　　　　D.deluged

PassageThree

SincetheBronzeAge,about3000B.C.,glasshasbeenusedformakingvariouskindsofobjects.Itwasfirstmadefromamixtureofsilica,lime,andanalkalisuchassodaorpotash,andtheseremainedthebasicingredientsofglassuntilthedevelopmentofleadglassintheseventeenthcentury.

Whenheatedthemixturebecomessoftandmoldableandcanbeformedbyvarioustechniquesintoavastarrayofshapesandsizes.Thehomogeneousmassthusformedbymeltingthencoolstocreateglass,butincontrasttomostmaterialsformedinthisway（metals,forinstance）,glasslacksthecrystallinestructurenormallyassociatedwithsolids,andinsteadretainstherandommolecularstructureofaliquid.Ineffect,asmoltenglasscools,itprogressivelystiffensuntilrigid,butdoessowithoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalscustomarilyassociatedwiththatprocess.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow.

Anotherunusualfeatureofglassisthemannerinwhichitsviscositychangesasitturnsfromacoldsubstanceintoahot,ductileliquid.Unlikemetalsthatflowor“freeze”atspecifictemperatures,glassprogressivelysoftensasthetemperaturerises,goingthroughvaryingmoldablestagesuntilitflowslikeathicksyrup.Eachofthesestagesallowstheglasstobemanipulatedintovariousforms,bydifferenttechniques,andifsuddenlycooledtheobjectretainstheshapeachievedatthatpoint.Glassisthusopentoagreaternumberofheat-formingtechniquesthanmostothermaterials.

8.Accordingtothepassageglasscoolsandbecomesrigiddifferentlyfrommetalsbecause__________.

A.ithasanunusuallylowmeltingtemperature

B.itdoesnotsetupanetworkofinterlockingcrystals

C.ithasarandommolecularstructureofaliquid

D.itismadefromamixtureofsilica,lime,andsoda

9.Inthephrase“withoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalscustomarilyassociatedwiththatprocess”inthesecondparagraph,asubstitutefortheword“customarily”maybe__________.

A.continuously　　B.certainly　　　　C.eventually　　　　D.usually

10.Glasscanbeeasilymoldedintoallkindsofformsbecause__________.

A.itmeltslikeliquidwhenheated

B.itsoftensgraduallythroughvaryingstageswhenheated

C.itretainstheshapeatthepointwhenitissuddenlycooled

D.variousheatingtechniquescanbeusedinmakingglass

Passagethree

MorethanhalfofallJewsmarriedinU.S.since1990havewedpeoplewhoaren’tJewish.Nearly480,000AmericanchildrenundertheageoftenhaveoneJewishandonenon-Jewishparent.And,ifasurveycompiledbyresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesisanyindication,it’salmostcertainthatmostofthesechildrenwillnotidentifythemselvesas“Jewish”whentheygetolder.

Thatsurveyaskedcollegefreshmen,whoareusuallyaroundage18,abouttheirownandtheirparents’religiousidentities.Ninety-threepercentofthosewithtwoJewishparentssaidtheythoughtofthemselvesasJewish.Butwhenthefatherwasn’tJewish,thenumberdroppedto38percent,andwhenthemotherwasn’tJew,just15percentofthestudentssaidtheywereJewish,too.

“IthinkwhatwassurprisingwasjusthowlowtheJewishidentificationwasinthesemixedmarriagefamilies.”LindaSaxisaprofessorofeducationatUCLA.Shedirectedthesurveywhichwasconductedoverthecourseofmorethanadecadeandwasn’tactuallyaboutreligiousidentityspecifically.ButProfessorSaxsaystheanswerstoquestionsaboutreligionwereparticularlystriking,anddeserveamoredetailedstudy.Shesaysit’sobviousthatinterfaithmarriageworksagainstthedevelopmentofJewishidentityamongchildren,butsaysit’snotclearatthispo