西北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题Word文档格式.docx
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西北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题Word文档格式.docx
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atthesalesconference,hecouldnothisirritationwiththeclient’sunreasonable
demands.
A.inadvisable,evinceB.efficacious,suppress
C.captious,expressD.impolitic,chide
4.Uncertaintydiffersfromriskinthatbasisforestimatingtheprobabilityof
eachpotentialconditionoccurring.
A.thereisno巳.althoughnoC.thereisnotD.itisnot
5.Notingthatfewemployeesshowedanyforcomplyingwiththe
corporation’snewsafetyregulations,Petersonwasforcedtoconcludethatacceptanceof
theregulationswouldbe,atbest.
A.aptitude,unavoidable巳.enthusiasm,grudging
C.respect,negotiableD.patience,imminent
6.TheaveragelevelofUnitedStatespricesgrewverylittlefrom1953untilthemid-
1960’swhen.
A.didinflationbegin巳.inflationbegan
C.thebeginningofinflationD.didthebeginningofinflation
7.Onetheoryaboutintelligenceseesasthelogicalstructureunderlying
thinkingandinsiststhatsinceanimalsaremute,theymustbe_______aswell.
A.behavior,inactive巳.heredity,thoughtful
C.adaptation,brutalD.language,mindless
8.EventhoughthefolktalesPerroultcollectedandretoldwerenotsolelyFrenchinori-
gin,hisversionsofthemweresodecidedlyFrenchinstylethatlateranthologizesofFrench
folktaleshaveneverthem.
A.excludedB.admired0.collectedD.promoted
9.AuthorSraahJewettestablishedherliteraryreputationwithDeepHaven,acollec-
tionofsketches.
A.withruralMainelife巳.thatliferuralMaine
C.aboutlifeinMainelifeD.lifeinruralMaine
10.Inthelate1860’s,taxeswerechangedinthesouthernUstorequirepaymentform
plantationownersjustfromlandlessindividuals.
A.despite巳.whereasC.ratherthanD.other
11.SchoolstartedonacolddayinFebruary.
A.severeB.hitterC.suchD.frozen
12.Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregion
remained.
A.motionlessB.inactiveC.stagnantD.immobile
13.Thebasicpremisebehindallagriculturalproductionisavailablethe
richesofthesoilforhumanconsumption.
A.tobemadeB.themakingC.makingisD.tomake
14.Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillthere.Shebybus.
A.musthavegone巳.shouldhavegone
C.oughttohavegoneD.couldhavegone
15.Unlikeothercreatures,whoareshapedlargelybytheirenvironment,
humanbeingsareproductsofacultureaccumulatedovercenturies,yetonethatiscon-
stantlybeingbymassiveinfusionsofnewinformationfromeverywhere.
A.harsh,unconfirmed巳.surrounding,upheld
C.immediate,transformedD.natural,mechanized
16.Amineralisanysolidthathasadefinitechemicalcompositionanda
distinctiveinternalcrystalstructure.
A.naturaloccurrenceofhomogeneBusnaturally?
occurringhomogeneous
C.occurringnaturallyhomogeneous),homogeneouslynaturallyoccurred
17.Paradoxically,England’scolonizationofNorthAmericawasbyitssuc-
cess:
theincreasingprosperityofthecoloniesdiminishedtheirdependenceupon,and
hencetheirloyaltyhomecountry.
A.demonstratedB.determinedC.underminedD.distinguish
18.Alltropicalstormsdevelopoverwaterthatiswarmenoughtosupplyappreciable
quantitiesofvaportotheair,theareastowatchforthedevelopmentoftropical
storms.
A.asitlimitedB.tolimits
0.limiting
D.wasalimitto
19.Theflowersfromlackofwater
A.witheredB.flourished
C.vanished
D.stoppedgrowing
20.Theabilitytocommunicateideasandinstructionswasfortheincredible
developmentofthefrontalbrainlobeinhumanbeing.
A.necessaryallthatB.allthatwasnecessary
C.allthenecessitiesthatD.suchthatallthenecessities
PartII:
ReadingComprehension(20%)
Eachofthetextsbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionthereare
fourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Makethebestchoiceforeachquestion,andmakeyouchoiceon
theANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletter.
Passage1
Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichandengravingare
twoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)a-
gainstanimagebearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisre-
moved,theimageaddstoit,butinreverse.
ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatterns
totextiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfor
textiles,decorationandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyarelief
process.First,theartisttakeablockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,
coversitwithawhitegroundandthendrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarved
away,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Thewoodblockisinked,andtheinkadheres
totheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppapereitherbyhandorwithaprinting
press.
Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthern
Italyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,
“tocarve”).Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,with
acuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeink
remainsintheincisedgrooves.Animpressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,
withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothatthepaperpicksuptheink.
Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselfto
subtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatching
determinethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,with
sharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionof
multipleimages,asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveral
hundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.
Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,
toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.
21.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?
A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.
巳.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.
C.Twotypesofprintmaking.
D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.
22.Theauthor’spurposesinParagraph2istodescribe.
A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury
B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry
C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut
D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope
23.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutengravingEXCEPTthat
it.
A.developedfromtheartofthegoldsmiths
巳.requiresthatthepaperbecutwithaburin
C.originatedinthefifteenthcentury
D.involvescarvingintoametalplate
24.Accordingtothetext,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?
A.Theirdesignsarcslightlyraised.
巳.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.
C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.
D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.
25.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeitpossibleformembersofthegeneralpublic
toownprintsinthesixteenthcentury?
A.Printscouldbemadeatlowcost.
B.Thequalityofpaperandinkhadimproved.
C.Manypeoplebecameinvolvedintheprintmakingindustry
D.Decreaseddemandforprintskeptpricesaffordable.
26.Accordingtothetext,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutprintsEXCEPTthat
they.
A.canbereproducedonmaterialsotherthanpaper
B.arccreatedfromareversedimage
C.showvariationsbetweenlightanddarkshades
v•
D.requireaprintingpress
Passage2
Nowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,as
WesternEurope’slastpristinewilderness.Buttheenvironmentalawarenessthatissweep-
ingtheworldhadbypassedthemajorityofIcelanders.Certainlytheywereconnectedto
theirland,thewayoneiscomplicatedlyconnectedto,orencumberedby,familyonecarft
doanythingabout.Butthetruthisonceyou’reoffthebeatenpathsofthelow-lyingcoastal
areaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andthey’reallbad,soIceland’snatural
wondershavebeenoutofreachandunknowneventoitsowninhabitants.Forthemthe
landhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible,ex-
ploitedthemind-set,beingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandaswell,andprice-
lessartonthescaleoftheMonaLisa.
Whentheopportunityarosein2003forthenationalpowercompanytoenterintoa40-
yearcontractwiththeAmericanaluminumcompanyAlcoatosupplyhydroelectricpowerfor
anewsmelter,thosewhohadbeendreamingofsomethinglikethisfordecadesjumpedat
itandneverlookedback.Icelandmayatthemomentbeoneoftheworld’srichestcoun-
tries,witha99percentliteracyrateandlonglifeexpectancy.Buttheproject’sadvocates,
someofthemgettingoninyears,weremoreemotionallyattunedtothecountry’scentury
uponcenturyofwant,hardship,
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