高考英语情态动词专题复习Word文档下载推荐.docx
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高考英语情态动词专题复习Word文档下载推荐.docx
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一、can,could
1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)时,等于beableto。
a)Canyouliftthisheavybox?
(体力)
b)Areyouabletoliftthisheavybox?
c)Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)
d)IsMaryabletospeakthreelanguages?
e)Canyouskate?
(技能)
此时可用beableto代替。
2)can表示请求和允许。
-----CanIgonow?
-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
(特别注明:
这是在表示请求和允许的时候。
)
----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?
----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)
can'
t在否定句中可以表示命令,不允许,但是语气比mustn'
t弱,具有劝慰的意思.
3)can表示“有时会”:
Akindpersoncanlosetempersometimes.
4)表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。
Icanhear/seeyouclearlyfromhere.
Youcanimaginehowannoyedshewas!
5)can与beableto的区别
①Can只有一般现在时(can)和一般过去式(could);
而beableto则有更多的时态。
I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.
②当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事(此事一般是一次性的,具体指的是某件事经过努力做成了)”时应用beableto,不能用Can。
Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.
Hewasabletosurvivethefirebecausehewasbrave.
经典练习
1.(2010全国卷I29).Justbepatient.You_____________excepttheworldtochangesosoon.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot
3.(2009北京卷)Oneofthefewthingsyou___sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.
A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can
4.The
fire
spread
through
the
hotel
very
quickly
but
everyone
__________
get
out.
A.
had
to
B.
would
C.
could
D.
was
able
to
5.【2012全国卷II】⒘I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney.
A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need
(2011四川卷)20.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey______..
A.canB.mayC.mustD.should
6、(2006湖南卷)32.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob________beboring,andpilotsoften_______workatinconvenienthours.
A.can;
havetoB.may;
canC.haveto;
mayD.oughtto;
must
7.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which______justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.(07湖南)
A.shan’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t
二、may,might(非高考重点,考查较少)
1)表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)
用MayI...?
征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?
在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
(May+主语+动词原形)
Mayyousucceed!
经典例题:
(2010四川卷3).—Itakethebookout?
—I'
mafraidnot.
A.WillB.MayC.Must
D.Need
三、must,haveto
1)表示“必须”;
否定形式mustn’t,表示“禁止”。
Youmustcomeintime.
Youmustn’ttellanyoneaboutthis——it’sasecret.
2)硬要;
偏要
Ifyoumustdrinksomuch,ofcourseyou’llfeelsick.
3)must与haveto的区别:
must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。
Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。
don’thaveto=needn’t
1.(2005全国卷1)26.Tom,youleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!
A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot
2.(2006浙江卷)19.—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?
—Ohdear,ifyou________.
A.canB.mustC.mayD.should
3.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.(2007北京卷)
A.canB.mayC.mustD.will
4.—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?
—You________doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.(2007重庆卷)
A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’tD.can’t
四.dare,need
1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。
1.HowdareyousayI’munfair?
2.Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?
3.Ifwedarednotgotherethatday,wecouldn’tgetthebeautifulflowers.
2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。
在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。
1.Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
2.----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、数和时态的变化。
在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
1.Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.
2.Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.
3.Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.
1.Iwonderhowhe___thattotheteacher.
A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay
2.(2011上海卷)28.I_____worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.daren’tD.needn’t
3.【2012全国】30.I_useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'
clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.
A.couldn'
tB.mustn'
tC.shouldn'
tD.needn'
t
4.【2012天津】8.It’squitewarmhere;
we_____turntheheatingonyet.
A.couldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t
五、shall
1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句,征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
2)shall用于第二、三人称陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
经典例题:
1.(2010江苏卷25).—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.
—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.
A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may
2.(2011陕西卷)24.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?
--OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.
A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall
3.【2012辽宁】24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent____wearschooluniformwhileatschool.
A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will
六、will,would
1)用于第二人称疑问句表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
1.Iwillneverdothatagain.
2.Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
3)will表习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作。
如:
Johnwillfallasleepinchurch.约翰做礼拜时老睡觉。
Goldwon'
tdissolveinhydrochloricacid.金在盐酸中不溶解。
4)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
usedto也可表示“过去常常”,不表明现在的情况。
1.Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
2.Thewoundwouldnotheal.
1.Iambusynow,_______mybrotherdoitforyou?
A.WillB.ShallC.MustD.May
2.—Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.—_____.I’llbeasquietasamouse.
A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Iwon’tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill
七、should,oughtto
1)should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
1.Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.
2.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.
2)表示劝告、建议和命令。
should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
1.Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.
2.ShouldIopenthewindow?
1.—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?
2.(2008上海卷)29.
Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you___switchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.
A.mayB.canC.wouldD.should
3.(2009四川卷)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.
—Well,you_______.
A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might
八.情态动词表示推测
情态动词
对现在
对将来
对过去
陈述句肯定的推测(must)
V
havedone/been
陈述句否定的推测(can’t/couldn’t)
陈述句可能的推测(may/might/could/should)
疑问句的推测(can/could)
1)--DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?
--Sure.Shemustbewalkingaroundthecampusnow.
2)Itmusthaverainedlastnightforitwaswetinthestreet.
3)Shecan’tbeseriousaboutit.
4)Whatcantheymeanbysayingthat?
5)Theroomisinsuchaterriblemess.Itcan’thavebeencleanedasthelandladysaid.
6)Hecouldbeverynaughtywhenhewasachild.
7)Inthosedays,alotofscientiststhoughtthatthesuncouldgoaroundtheearth.
8)It’snearlyseveno’clock,Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.
突破方法:
1.体会推测的内涵,熟记各情态动词的词义。
2.确定所推测动作发生的时间。
1.(2005北京卷)26.He__________havecompletedhiswork;
otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.
A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t
2.(2005广东卷)33.—I'
vetakensomeoneelse'
sgreensweaterbymistake.
—It______Harry'
s.Healwayswearsgreen.
A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'
tbeD.couldbe
3.(2005湖北卷)32.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?
Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.
—Well.Hehavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.
A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t
4.(2005江西卷)22.—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?
—Something________tohim.
A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened
5.(2005上海卷)27.There_________beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.
A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
6.—Whereismydictionary?
IrememberIputithereyesterday.
—Youitinthewrongplace.(2007江西卷)
A.mustputB.shouldhaveputC.mightputD.mighthaveput
7.(2010辽宁卷26).Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_______beregularexercise.
A.canB.willC.mustD.may
8.(2011北京卷)24.-Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?
-Don’tworry.He__________come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.
A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot
9.【2012全国】30.I_useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'
10.【2012辽宁】24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent____wearschooluniformwhileatschool.
11."
WhencanIcomeforthephotos?
Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon."
"
They_____bere
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