高考英语语法讲解及练习题.docx
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高考英语语法讲解及练习题.docx
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高考英语语法讲解及练习题
高考英语语法讲解及练习题
一、冠词TheArticle
知识要点:
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义.冠词分不定冠词〔TheIndefiniteArticle〕和定冠词〔ThedefiniteArticle〕两种.a〔an〕是不定冠词,a用在辅音之前:
如abook,aman;an用在元音之前,如:
anoldman,anhour,aninterestingbook等.the是定冠词.
一、不定冠词的用法
1、指人或事物的某一种类〔泛指〕.这是不定冠词a〔an〕的基本用法.如:
Sheisagirl.Iamateacher.Pleasepassmeanapple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物.如:
Heborrowedastory-bookfromthelibrary.
AWangislookingforyou.一位姓王的同志正在找你.
3、表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈.如:
Ihaveamouth,anoseandtwoeyes.
4、用于某些固定词组中.如:
abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime等.
5、用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a+抽象名词,起具体化的作用.如:
Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣.
Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情.
Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉.
二、定冠词的用法:
1、特指某〔些〕人或某〔些〕事物.这是定冠词the的基本用法.如:
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
Thepenonthedeskismine.
2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物.如:
Whereistheteacher?
Openthewindow,please.
3、指上文提过的人或事物〔第二次出现〕.如:
Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.
Thebabywasthin.
4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前.如:
theearth,themoon,thesun.
5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前.〔副词最高级前的定冠词可省略〕如:
Heisalwa
Bobisthetallestinhisclass.
6、用在某些专有名词前〔由普通名词构成的专用名词〕.如:
theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,theScienceMuseum,theChildren’sPalace,theParty等.
7、用在一些习惯用语中.如:
ontheday,inthemorning〔afternoon,evening〕,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear,bytheway等.
8、用在江河湖海、山脉前.如:
theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theAlps,theHimalayas
9、用在报刊、杂志前.如:
thePeople’sDaily,theEveningPaper,theTimes泰晤士报.
10、表示某一家人要加定冠词.如:
TheBrownsareathometoreceivevisitorstoday.布朗一家今天要接待客人.
11、用在形容词前,表某一类人.如:
thepoor,thewounded,theliving,thedead,therich,thesick等.
12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处.如:
Thedriveralwayssitsinthefrontofthebus〔car〕.
三、零冠词〔即不用冠词〕:
1、专用名词和不可数名词前.如:
China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,milk,oil,water,paper,science等.
2、名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词.如:
Godownthisstreet.
3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时.如:
Wearestudents.
Ilikereadingstories.
4、节日、日期、月份、季节前.如:
Teachers’Day,Children’sDay,NationalDay,insummer,inJuly等.
TodayisNewYear’sDay.
ItisSunday.
March8isWomen’sDay.
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时.如:
What’sthematter,Granny?
Weelectedhimmonitor.
6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前.如:
atnoon,atnight,atfirst,atlast,atmost,atleast,bybus〔train,air,sea〕,inbed,intime,infrontof,gotoschool,gotobed,gotocollege,onfoot,attable,inink,inpencil等.
7、在三餐饭和球类运动前.如:
Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.
Wearegoingtoplayfootball.
Weusuallyhavelunchatschool.
8、科目前不加.如:
WelearnChinese,maths,Englishandsomeothersubjects.
【专项训练】:
1、Wecan’tlivewithoutair.
A.anB.×C.theD.some
2、——Haveyouseenpen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
——Isitblackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a
3、I’vebeenwaitingforhimforhourandhalf.
A.×;×B.the;aC.a;theD.an;a
4、Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!
A.aB.×C.someD.an
5、Haveyoueverseenastallasthisone?
A.atreeB.suchtreeC.antreeD.tree
6、Childrenusuallygotoschoolatageofsix.
A.×;theB.a;anC.the;×D.the;the
7、Himalayasishighestmountaininworld.
A.×;the;×B.The;the;theC.A;a;aD.×;×;×
8、Theyeachhave__book.LiHua’sisaboutwriter.WangLin’sisonscience.
A.a;a;×B.the;×;theC.×;the;×D.a;the;a
9、Physicsisscienceofmatterandenergy.
A.The;×B.×;×C.×;theD.A;a
10、sunrisesineastandsetsinwest.
A.A;an;aB.The;×;×C.The;the;theD.A;the;a
11、Manypeopleagreethat__knowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.
A.a;×B.the;anC.the;theD.×;the
12、__MrJonescalledwhileyouwereout〔neitherofusknowsthisman〕.Hewasinbad
temper.A.×;aB.A;×C.The;theD.A;a
13、Theywereatdinnerthen.Itwasdelicousone.
A.a;theB.×;×C.×;aD.a;a
14、whatkindofcardoyouwanttobuy?
A.×B.theC.aD.an
15、AliceisfondofplayingpianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningtomusic.
A.×;theB.×;×C.the;×D.the;the
16、Beyondstars,theastronautsawnothingbutspace.
A.the;×B.×;theC.×;×D.the;the
17、AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.
A.×B.aC.theD.one
18、——Where’sJack?
——Ithinkhe’sstillinbed,buthemightjustbeinbathroom.
A.×;×B.the;theC.the;×D.×;the
19、Manypeoplearestillinhabitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.
A.the;theB.×;×C.the;×D.×;the
20、——I’dlikeinformationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.
——Well,youcould
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