定语从句复习总提纲Word格式.docx
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定语从句复习总提纲Word格式.docx
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ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
4、被修饰词为数词时。
YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
5、主句是Therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。
例句:
There’sstillaroomthatisfree.
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。
Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatweremembered.
Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.
7、当主句中有who,which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。
Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?
Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?
8、人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常也可以省略。
Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.
二,修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1,引导非限制性定语从句时。
Bambooishollow,whichmakesitlight.
2,当关系词前有介词时。
ThisistheroominwhichChairmanMaooncelived.
3、在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which。
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。
HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
5、先行词为that时。
Theclockisthatwhichcantellusthetime.钟是报时的装置。
三,修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时。
ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.
2、在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。
There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.
3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以避免重复。
Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.
注意:
当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。
Thepersontowhomthisletterwasaddresseddiedthreeyearsago.
四、way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way,关系词在从句中作状语时,定语从句的引导词可用inwhich,that或省略引导词。
但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Idosuchthings.
比较:
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.
Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)helooksatme.
Theway_that/inwhich/不填_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.
Theway_that/which/不填_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.(04湖北)
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
五、在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when,where,why的用法
1、先行词为"
时间名词"
,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;
还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)
Nextmonth,whenyouwillbeinyourhometown,isjustaroundthecorner.
Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.
Istillrememberthedayswhen(=onwhich)welivedtogether.
Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)
Nextwinterwhich/thatyou'
llspendinHarbin,I'
msure,willbeexciting.
2、先行词是"
地点名词"
,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中做状语;
还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)
Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.
He'
sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'
slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
Thesmallmountainvillagewherewespentourholidaylastmonthliesinwhat/theplacewhichisnowpartofHubei.
Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.
※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。
※“fromwhere”中的where是关系代词,可以引导定语从句。
Shestoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwhereshecouldseethewholegarden.(=throughwhich)
Heclimbeduptothetopofthetemple,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.
That’stheplacefromwheretheriverbranchesout.
3、先行词是表示原因的名词reason时,可以用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,可用forwhich替代;
当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'
tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.(作状语)
Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youdidn’tfinishyourhomework?
Idon'
tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
(作主语)
比较Hewaslate.That'
sbecausehegotuplate.
Hegotuplate.That'
swhyhewaslate.(表语从句)
六、whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时,其先行词可以指人,也可以指物,当先行词指物时,可以用“the+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhichthe+名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。
Hestudiesinaschoolwhosebuildings(=thebuildingsofwhich)arebuiltontopofahill.
七、as作关系代词引导的定语从句
1、引导限制性定语从句。
在主句中常有thesame,so或such与as相呼应,(thesame…as;
thesameas;
such…as…;
so…as)as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、主语补足语等。
as引出的定语从句带有比较意义,从句常常只写出比较部分,但as本身不可省略。
Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.
Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented.
Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.
Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
Don'
tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.
Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.
※比较:
(1)Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
(2)Heissuchapersonaseverybodylikes.
Heissuchapersonthateverybodylikeshim.
(3)ThisissotouchingastoryasIhavereadthreetimes.
ThisissotouchingastorythatIhavereaditthreetimes.
※注意:
在thesame…后也可用that引导定语从句,但含义有所不同。
that引出的从句,指的是与先行词同一的事物,而as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物。
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.
I'
mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.
2、引导非限制性定语从句。
指主句的全部或部分内容。
常译为“正如……”“就像……”等,定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。
as后常接expect,know,report,expect,pointout,say,see等动词的主、被动语态。
Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作主语)
=It'
sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(主语从句)
或:
Smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'
health.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)
Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
Hewasn’tunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes.
as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
1)、都可以代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat.
2)、as从句可放在句首,而which从句不能。
3)、as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;
如果为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.例如:
Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.
八、of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况
“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词,通常用复数形式,与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。
但如果“oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构前面带有the/only/theonly之类的限定语,从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,此时从句在意义上修饰的是theone.例如:
Tomisoneoftheboyswhowerelatethatmorning.汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。
Tomisthe(only/theonly)oneoftheboyswhowaslatethatmorning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。
HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoDawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【2002春上海】
九,被分隔的定语从句
定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;
但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句。
一般说来,定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种:
①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.
②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。
DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。
此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后。
AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
十,“介词+关系代词”考点分析
总的说来,选择介词不外乎三条:
一是根据句子意思表达的需要,二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配,三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。
1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯
(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.
Thisisasubjectaboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.
IwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomIcoulddiscussbooksandmusic.
注:
有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分,此时它们的位置应注意。
Theboy(whom)mysisterislookingafterisgettingbetter.
不能说成:
Theboyafterwhommysisterislookingisgettingbetter.
(2)看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配
HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯
这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。
Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichshesaidgoodbyetome.
3,考查根据句意确定介词
Tom,bywhomthewindowwasbroken,hasbeencriticizedbyhisteacher.
Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.
4.考查表示所属关系的ofwhich[whom]
Ontheblackboardtheteacherwroteasentence,themeaningofwhichIdon’tunderstand.
5.考查表示整体与部分关系的ofwhich[whom]
IhavefiveEnglishdictionariesofwhichLongmanDictionaryisthebest.
Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
Imetthefruit-pickers,severalofwhomwereuniversitystudents.
6.考查表示同位关系的ofwhich[whom]
Hersons,bothofwhomworkabroad,rangherupthismorning.
高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。
01.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,___B__hefoundajobinabigcompany.(辽宁)
A.afterthatB.afterwhich
C.afteritD.afterthis
02.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree___B___theycanbe
controlledonpurpose.(重庆)
A.withwhich
B.to
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