语言学练习题Chapter 2 LinguisticsWord文档下载推荐.docx
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语言学练习题Chapter 2 LinguisticsWord文档下载推荐.docx
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9)Comparativehistoricallinguisticsvscontrastivelinguistics
2.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).
1)()Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguisticsbecauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.
2)()Competencceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.
3)()TheantithesisoflangueandparolewascreatedbyChomsky.
4)()CockooinEnglishisonomatopoeia.
5)()Synchroniclinguisticsisconcernedwiththestudyoflanguagedevelopmentthroughtime.
6)()Prescriptivelinguistsareconcernedwithhowlanguageswork,notwithhowtheycanbeimproved.
7)()Linguisticstriestoanswerthebasicquestions”whatisalanguage”and“Howdoesalanguagework”.
8)()Onomatopoeticwordsarefoundinalmostallhumanlanguages,whichshowsthearbitrarynatureoflanguages.
9)()Eachlanguagecontainstwosystemsratherthanone,asystemofsoundandasystemofmeaning.
10)()Culturaltransmissionreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.
11)()Phaticfunctionreferstolanguageusedtoexchangeinformationandideas.
12)()Speakersofalllanguagesarecapableofproducingandcomprehendinganinfinitesetofsentences,whichaccountsforsyntacticuniversality.
13)()Halliday’slinguisticpotentialissimilartothenotionsofparoleandperformance
14)()Bydiachroniestudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.
15)()Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.
16)()Inlanguageclassroomsnowadavsthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtothedevelopinglearners‘communicativeskills.
17)()Saussure’sexpositionofsynchronicanalysisledtotheschoolofhistoricallinguistics
18)()Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.
19)()Semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningofwordsandsentences.
20)()Adiachronicstudyisconcernedwiththehistoricaldevelopmentofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.
21)()Aparadigmaticrelationisarelationbetweenalinguisticelementinanutteranceandlinguisticelementsoutsidethatutterance,butbelongingtothesamesub-systemofthelanguage.
22)()Generallinguisticsaimsatdevelopingatheorythatdescribestherulesofaparticularlanguage.
23)()Englishlinguisticsisakindofdescriptivelinguistics.
24)()Competenceismoreconcretethanperformance.
25)()Descriptivelinguisticsattemptstoestablishatheorywhichaccountsfortherulesoflanguageingeneral.
26)()Langueismoreabstractthanparoleandthereforeisnotdirectlyobservable.
27)()Generallinguisticsdealswiththewholehumanlanguage.
28)()AlltheEnglishwordsarenotsymbolic.
29)()Allsoundsproducedbyhumanspeechorgansarelinguisticsymbols.
30)()Descriptivelinguisticsstudiesonespecificlanguage.
31)()Morphologicalknowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionabouthowasentenceisformed.
32)()Phoneticsisthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.
33)()Adiachronicstudyofalanguageisconcernedwithastateofalanguageataparticularpointoftime.
3.MultipleChoice
1)______madethedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.
A.SaussureB.ChomskyCBloomfiledD.Sapir
2)Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionofsomepracticalproblems,thestudyofsuchapplicationsisknownsas________.
A.anthropologicallinguisticsB.computationallinguistics
C.appliedlinguisticsD.mathematicallinguistics
3)_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofspeechcommunity.
A.ParoleB.langueCspeechD.writing
4)Whichofthefollowingisnotthemajorbrachoflinguistics?
A.phonologyB.pragmaticsC.syntaxDspeech
5)________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.LinguisticgeographyB.Sociolinguistics
C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics
6)Whichbranchoflinguisticsstudiesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesamonglanguages?
A.Diachroniclinguistics.B.Synchroniclinguistics.
C.Prescriptivelinguistics.D.Comparativelinguistics.
7)________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.
A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.JohnLyons
8)Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled---.
A.generallinguisticsB.sociolingyustics
C.psycholinguisticsD.appliedlinguistics
9)Thestudyoflanguagemeaningiscalled--.
A.syntaxB.semanticsCmorphologyD.pragmatics
10)Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisa–study.
AsynchronicB.diachronicCdescriptiveD.prescriptive
4.Fillintheblankswithappropriatewords:
1)referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
2)istheactualrealizationofone’slinguisticknowledgeinutterances.
3)Modemlinguisticisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.
4)Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.
5)Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts,referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
6)LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s.
7)Thefourprinciplesinthelinguisticstudyare
(1)
(2)(3)(4)
8)Morphologyisthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheformofwords.
9)Thebranchofgenerallinguisticswhichisnamedstudiestheinternalstructureofsentences.
10)InSaussure’sview,therelationshipbetweensignifier(soundimage)andsignified(concept)is.
11)isanumbrellatermwhichcoversavarietyofdifferentinterestsinlanguageandsociety,includingthesocialfunctionsoflanguageandthesocialcharacteristicsofitsusers.
12)ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleismadebytheSwisslinguistF.deSaussure.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceismadebytheAmericanlinguist.
13)Thewritingsystem.ofEnglishis.knownasthesoundwritingsystemwhilethatofJapaneseas___writingsystem.
14)AccordingtoJohnLyons,___linguistics_dealswithlanguageingeneraland_linguisticsisconcernedwithoneparticularlanguage.
15)IndeSaussure’sterm,_____referstothesystemoflanguageand_____referstothespeaker’sspeech.
16)_____isthesciencethatdealswiththesoundsystem.
17)Syntaxstudiestwokindsofrules:
_____rulesandrules
18)Langueorcompetenceis______andnotdirectlyobserved,whileparoleorperformanceis_____anddirectlyobservable.
19)A________relationreferstothesequentialcharacteristicofspeech.
20)______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutthesoundsandsoundpatternsofhislanguage.
21)______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionabouthowawordisformed.
22)______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutwhetherasentenceisgrammaticalornot.
23)______knowledgeisanativespeaker’sintuitionaboutthemeaningoflanguage,includingmeaningofwordsandmeaningofsentences.
24)______isthestudyofspeechsoundsofallhumanlanguages.
25)______examineswordformationandtheinternalstructureofwords.
5.Answerthefollowingquestions.
1)Whatisthedifferencebetweengenerallinguisticsanddescriptivelinguistics?
2)Whatisthedifferencebetweensynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics?
Isiteasytodrawasharplinebetweenthemifwelookatlanguageclosely?
3)Whatdistinguishprescriptivestudiesoflanguagefromdescriptivestudiesoflanguage?
Commentonthemeritsandweaknessesofdescriptivegrammarandprescriptivegrammar.
4)Whatarethefourprinciplesforthescientificanalysisoflanguage?
5)Pointoutthreewaysinwhichlinguisticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammar.
6)Whatarethemaindifferencesbetween“competence”and“performance”?
7)WhatisthemajordifferencebetweenSaussure’sdistinctionoflangueandparoleandChomsky’sdistinctionofcompetenceandperformance?
whatshouldbestudiesinlinguisticsinyouropinionandwhy?
8)Explain“speechandwriting”,andcitetwoormoreexamples.
KeytoChapterTwo
1)syntagmaticrelationvsparadigmaticrelation
Essentiallytherelationsbetweenlinguisticelementsareoftwodimensions,usuallysyntagmaticandparadigmatic.syntagmaticorsequentialrelationsarethoseholdingbetweenelementsformingserialstructure,or“strings’astheyaresometimescalled.Insyntax,thehorizontalrelationshipbetweenelementsshowshowaform(X)combineswithothers(W+X+Y)inaserialcombination.Itreferstothelinearorderingofthewordsandthephraseswithinasentence.Paradigmaticrelationsarethoseholdingbetweencomparableelementsatparticularplacesinstructures.Theverticalorsubstitutionalrelationshipshowshowotherdifferentforms(Xa,Xb,Xc)canfunctioninthesameplaceinstructureinaparadigmaticrelation.
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