商务英语翻译中的英汉语差异Word格式.docx
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商务英语翻译中的英汉语差异Word格式.docx
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学号:
060124329
系别:
外语系
专业班级:
涉外翻译专业
指导教师:
翁涛
2010年4月15日
OnDifferencesofEnglishandChineseinBusinessEnglishTranslation
AThesisSubmitted
totheDepartmentofForeignLanguages
ZengchengCollegeofSouthChinaNormalUniversity
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts
ByLinJiaJun
Tutor:
WengTao
April15,2010
TableofContents
Abstractiii
中文摘要iv
1.Introduction1
2.CausesofCulturalDifferences1
2.1Differencescausedbylivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment1
2.2Differencesofthereligiousbeliefs2
2.3Differencesincustoms2
2.3.1Yellow3
2.3.2Red3
2.3.3White3
2.4Differencesofidiomssources4
3.CulturalDifferencesofBusinessEnglishTranslation4
3.1CulturaldifferencesofunderstandingthingsofbusinessEnglish5
3.2CulturaldifferencesofcolorsofbusinessEnglish5
3.3CulturaldifferencesofnumberofbusinessEnglish6
3.4ReligiousandculturaldifferencesofbusinessEnglish6
4.EnlightenmentofCulturalDifferencesinBusinessEnglish7
4.1Donotblindlycorrespond7
4.2Toavoidthenegativeassociations7
4.3Toregulatethetranslation8
5.TranslationMethods8
5.1Transliteration8
5.2Literaltranslation8
5.3Literaltranslation(transliteration)filling8
5.4Literaltranslation(transliteration)plusparaphrase9
6.Conclusion9
Bibliography10
Acknowledgements11
Abstract
ThestudiesondifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesehavebeenusedinmanyfieldsofforeignlanguageteaching.IntheEnglishtranslationofbusinessEnglish,thedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesestudieshaveproducedpositiveresults.IntheprocessoflearningEnglish,learningtoknowtheknowledgebackgroundandculturalcharacteristicsofEnglishspeakingcountrieswillhelpusunderstandtheconnotationofthelanguageandhelptoavoidthemisunderstandingsduetotheculturalconflicts.ThispaperdiscussesthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseofthebusinessEnglishtranslation.ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesinbusinessEnglishreflecttheanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesterncultures.
Keywords:
differences;
businessEnglishtranslation;
EasternandWesterncultures
中文摘要
英汉语差异的研究已被应用于外语教学的许多领域。
在外贸英语翻译中,英汉语差异产生了积极的研究效果。
在英语语言的学习中,了解英语国家的知识背景和文化特征有助于对语言内涵的了解,有助于避免因文化冲突造成的误解。
本文探讨了外贸英语翻译中英汉语之间的差异,对英汉两种语言在外贸英语上的不同体现,分析了中西文化的差异。
关键词:
差异;
外贸英语;
中西文化
1.Introduction
EnglishandChineselanguagethemselvesaretwodifferentcultures,andthelanguageitself,whichexpressionsaredifferent.Chinesefontisjustliketheyshould,wellformed,containingextensiveandprofoundcultureofChina.Englishwordsaresimpleandelegant,justlikewater,whichreflectstheromanticuninhibitedEuropeanandAmericancustoms;
anditisnoteasytosumuptheirdifferenceswithjustafewwords,sothisthesisistobrieflyanalyzethetwolanguagesinsomeofthecurrentsituationintheculturalexchangeanditsinduction.
Intoday'
ssociety,withexchangesandcooperationsofinternationaltradeisgraduallydeveloping,businessEnglishtranslationhasbeenbecomingtheethnicandnationalstage,thatisthecornerstoneofdifferentculturalcooperation,whichisacatalystthatplaysapivotalroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopmentineconomicglobalizationprocess.
AstheChina'
seconomicdevelopmentandrisinginternationalstatus,aswellasthegrowingnumberofinternationalexchanges,moreandmoreforeigncountriescomingtoChina,andthusbringingsomecultureshockdifferentfromtheChineselanguage.Thiscontinuouslystrengtheninternationalexchanges.English,asthemostextensivecommunicationtool,itsimportanceisincreasinglyhighlight.However,sometimes,intheEnglishexchanges,becausethetwolanguages-ChineseandEnglish-theimplicationofculturaldifferencesintheinformationandexchange,thetwosideswillunintentionallycreatemisunderstandings,leadingtotheexchangeofnon-smooth,evenfailure.EugeneNidapointedouttothisthat"
familiarwiththetwokindsofcultures,whichisevenmoreimportantthanmasteringbothlanguages,becausewordsonlymakesenseinitsroleintheculturalcontext."
(谢天振,2008:
157)TherearemanyfactorscausedbytheexpressionofculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,sumupthemainpointsasfollows:
thelivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment,religiousbeliefs,customs,idiomssources.
2.CausesofCulturalDifferences
2.1Differencescausedbylivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment
Peoplehavelongbeencuriousaboutlivingthings—howmanydifferentspeciesthereare,whattheyarelike,wheretheylive,howtheyrelatetoeachother,andhowtheybehave.Scientistsseektoanswerthesequestionsandmanymoreabouttheorganismsthatinhabittheearth.Inparticular,theytrytodeveloptheconcepts,principles,andtheoriesthatenablepeopletounderstandthelivingenvironmentbetter.(R.James.1991)
Aperson'
ssocialenvironmentincludestheirlivingandworkingconditions,incomelevel,educationalbackgroundandthecommunitiestheyarepartof.Allthesehaveapowerfuleffectonhealth.ThebigdifferencesinsocialenvironmentswithinEuropecontributetowidedisparitiesinhealth.Therearebiggapsinlifeexpectancyanddiseaseratesbetweenrichandpoor,thewellandthepoorlyeducatedandmanualworkersandprofessionals.
chinahasalwaysbeenanagriculturalcountry,thedevelopmentofagricultureisthebasicguaranteeofnationaldevelopment,whiletheagriculturalresourcesandagriculturalproductionreliesonland,Therefore,intraditionalChineseculture,thelandisthemostvaluableproperty,andthusconstitutesafeelingofcuntucunjin(寸土寸金).Meanwhile,Chinaisabigcountry,theproblemoffoodiswhattheChinesepeoplehavelongbeenmostconcernedabout.Andthus,accordingtoChinesetradition,thefirstsentencetomeetistobe:
Haveyouhadit?
ButBritishisanisland,coastalsetbacks,widearea,sothewateristhemostinexpensivefortheBritish.Thus,whentheBritishexpressofspendingmoneywithoutthinking,theywillsayspendmoneylikewater.meanwhile,Britishisbetweennorthlatitude50degreesand60degrees,whichgeographydictatesthatitschangeableweathercharacteristics,theBritishalwayssays"
Othercountrieshaveaclimate;
inEnglandwehaveweather"
showingnocountrylikeBritishintheworldhassuchunpredictableweather.Therefore,theBritishintheirdailylivesareveryconcernedabouttheweather,andeventheBritish,aftermeetingthemaintopicistheweather.
2.2Differencesofthereligiousbeliefs
Religionisastrongbeliefinasupernaturalpowerorpowersthatcontrolhumandestiny.(SallyWehmeier,2004:
1461)
Religionplaysanimportantroleinhumansociallife.InChina,BuddhismisthepredominantreligionoftheChinesepeople.InthemindsofpeopleoffaithinBuddhismBuddhaisaboveallelse.Reflectedinlanguage,Chinesepeopleoftendescribetheextremelyraregoodopportunityassanshengyouxing(三生有幸).Andthesansheng(三生)iscomingfromtheBuddhism,representativeofthepre-existence,thislifeandthenextlife.Inaddition,ChinesepeoplealwayssaidlikeBuddhablesswhentheywanttogainsomethingwithhonor.ButintheWest,mostofthepeoplebelieveinChristianity.IntheChristian'
smind,godisaboveallelse,andthereforewishestoexpressinEnglishisoftensaidthatGodsave.Whensomeoneissneezing,thepersonbesideswillsayGodblessyou.AndtheexpressionofthemostsevereexpressionofacurseisnotmorethanGoddamnyou;
furthermore,thewesternershaveno(三生)theory,buttheyhavewiththeChineseBuddhism,(三生),correspondstotheTrinity,thattheHolyFather,HolySonandHolySpirit.
2.3Differencesincustoms
Customsisthesocialnormthatanationorculturehaslongbeenincirculationandthemajorityofthepeopletocomplywith.
Easternandwesternculturesonthedifferencesbetweenthisnormisalsoreflectedinthelanguage.Forexample,theChinesepeoplepayattentiontothefamilyconcept,manifestedinthecustomsistospeakonthelevel,talkingaboutkinshiprelations.That'
swhywheneatingoccasions,payattentiontotheallocationofseatinginthehomeoftheelders,oragegreaterthantheirownpeopledonotaddresshimbyname,butwiththefather,mother,grandmother,sir,grandfather,uncle,aunt,brother,etc.EveninChinese'
ssociallife,nevermettherightpeoplewillusetheobviouskinshipwiththeword.Forexample,whenayouthinneedofhelp,hemightbeanoldmancalledtosayuncleoraunty;
childemergencyaskthepeoplewouldfirstsayuncleoraunty.Incontrast,westernersarelessparticularaboutkinship,therefore,didnotlikeEnglishwherethetitleissorichinChineselanguage.Moreover,sincethewesternersputgreaterstressonequalitybetweenmanandman,theytendtoaddresshimbyname.Becauseofthis,ineverydayconversation,westernersrarelyuseladies,gentlemen,teachers,managers,professorsandothertitles,theyareoftenomittedthenamedirectlyinthenameofproportionality,evenateenagechildofaseveral-year-old.Thesameistrueofrespectedelders,aphenomenonintheChineselanguageasacommunicationtoolbetweentheChinesepeopleisabsolutelyunimaginable.Becauseofthis,itisdifficulttoimaginehowtogiveitafaithfultranslationwhenaChineselittlechildsayunclegoodtoaforeignadult.East-westculturaldifferencesinthelanguagenotonlyreflectedintheinterpersonalrelationship,butalsointherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.
With"
dog"
asanexample,intheChineselanguage,t
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