Oxford As I See it教学提纲Word格式文档下载.docx
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Oxford As I See it教学提纲Word格式文档下载.docx
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up-to-date,adj.1.Informedoforreflectingthelatestinformationorchanges:
anup-to-datetimetable.2.Beinginaccordwiththelatestideas,improvements,orstyles:
up-to-datetechnology;
up-to-datefashions.
facilities,1.Somethingthatfacilitatesanactionorprocess.2.Somethingcreatedtoserveaparticularfunction:
hospitalsandotherhealthcarefacilities.
persist(v.)holdfirmly;
beinsistent;
insistlive,stickto
assertion(n.)theactoranexampleofstatingpositively:
affirmation,asseveration,averral,avowal,declaration
Underlinethekeywords
...Yetinspiteofitsdilapidatedbuildingsanditslackoffire-escapes,ventilation,sanitation,andup-to-datekitchenfacilitiespersistinmyassertionthatIbelievethatOxford,initsway,isthegreatestuniversityintheworld.Iamawarethatthisisanextremestatementandneedsexplanation.
Analysisofthetext
Parallelism:
Yetinspiteofitsdilapidatedbuildingsanditslackoffire-escapes,ventilation,sanitation,andup-to-datekitchenfacilitiespersistinmyassertionthatIbelievethatOxford,initsway,isthegreatestuniversityintheworld.
Leacockbeginshiscomparisoninthethirdsentence.
译文
…尽管牛津大学校舍破旧,缺少防火太平门、通风设备、卫生设备和现代厨房设施,我仍坚持,牛津以其特有的方式,是世界上最好的大学。
我清楚,这说法太极端,还需要进一步解释。
endowment(n.)Agifttoacharityorcause:
contribution,alms,benefaction,beneficence,charity,donation,bestowal,offering,grant
`nowhere/`nEuhwZE/adv.1.Notanywhere.2.Tonoplaceorresult:
protestedtherulingbutgotnowhere.n.1.Aremoteorunknownplace:
acabininthemiddleofnowhere.
Underlinethekeywords
Oxfordismuchsmallerinnumbers,forexample,thantheStateUniversityofMinnesota,andismuchpoorer.Ithas,orhadtillyesterday,fewerstudentsthantheUniversityofToronto.TomentionOxfordbesidethe26,000studentsofColumbiaUniversitysoundsridiculous.Inpointofmoney,the39,000,000dollarsendowmentoftheUniversityofChicago,andthe$35,000,000oneofColumbia,andthe$43,000,000ofHarvardseemtoleaveOxfordnowhere.Yetthepeculiarthingisthatitisnotnowhere.
Oxfordismuchsmallerinnumbers,forexample,thantheStateUniversityofMinnesota,theUniversityofToronto,andtheColumbiaUniversitywhichhas26,000students.
Inpointofmoney,Oxfordismuchpoorerthanthe39,000,000dollarsendowmentUniversityofChicago,andthe$35,000,000oneofColumbia,andthe$43,000,000ofHarvard.
YetthepeculiarthingisthatOxfordisnotnowhere.
比方,牛津大学的学生人数,比明尼苏达州立大学少得多,钱也少得多。
牛津大学现在,或者说直到昨天,比多伦多大学的学生少。
把牛津和有二万六千学生的哥伦比亚大学相提并论,显得很可笑。
从钱的角度说,有三千九百万收入的芝加哥大学、三千五百万的哥伦比亚大学、四千三百万的哈佛大学,看来更使牛津无立身之地。
奇怪的是,事情并非如此。
queer(adj.)Deviatingfromestablishedoracceptedstandardsornorms:
strange,peculiar,curious,unusual,singular
profound(adj.)Possessedoforexhibitingwisdom:
wise,sagacious,enlightened,judicious,sage
Bysomequeerprocessofitsownitseemstogetthereeverytime.Itwasthereforeoftheverygreatestinteresttome,asaprofoundscholar,totrytoinvestigatejusthowthispeculiarexcellenceofOxfordarises.
LeacockcomparesOxfordwithAmericanuniversitiesonthebasisofenrollmentandendowment.Thiscomparisonseemstoleadtotheconclusionthat“Oxfordisnotgreatatall.”However,thesentence“Yetthepeculiarthingisthat…”revealsthatitisnottheconclusionLeacockdraws.
牛津大学通过本身的一些神奇方式,每次都不示弱。
所以,作为一个堂堂的学者,我有极大的兴趣,要搞清牛津大学总是最好,是如何造成的。
堂堂的:
翻译时要传达原文内的戏谑口吻。
翻译Profound,如不用自嘲,可用自谦:
喜欢刨根问底的,但不能译成“造诣深”。
总是最好:
翻译时可以进行词性转换。
Analysisoftheparagraph1
Inparagraph1thecomparisondevelopsbystatingexplicitlyineachsentencewhatisbeingcompared(OxfordandAmericanuniversities)andthebasisofcomparison(enrollmentandendowment).Thuseachsentenceisaminiaturecomparison,completeinitself,andthetotaleffectisbuiltbytheadditionofseveralsuchsentences.Thistechniquekeepsarelativebalancebetweenthingscompare,althoughobviousoneofthemisparamount.
flourishv.tobeinaperiodofhighestproductivity,excellence,orinfluence
frankly(adv.)Withcandorandsincerity:
candidly,directly,forthrightly,honestly
laughable,Causingordeservinglaughterorderision;
ridiculous
AppliedScience应用科学
atheologicalcollege神学院
dynamo发电机
broaddaylight光天化日
heat,热学
plumbing,水暧工
electricwiring,布线
gas-fitting安煤气
blow-torch喷灯,焊枪
Itcanhardlybeduetoanythinginthecurriculumorprogrammeofstudies.Indeed,toanyoneaccustomedtothebestmodelsofauniversitycurriculumasitflourishesintheUnitedStatesandCanada,theprogrammeofstudiesisfranklyquitelaughable.ThereislessAppliedScienceintheplacethanwouldbefoundwithusinatheologicalcollege.HardlyasingleprofessoratOxfordwouldrecognizeadynamoifhemetitinbroaddaylight.TheOxfordstudentlearnsnothingofchemistry,physics,heat,plumbing,electricwiring,gas-fittingortheuseofablow-torch.
这不可能是课程设置(美国叫curriculum,英国叫programmeofstudy)的原因。
说真的,对任何熟知美国和加拿大的最流行和最好的课程设置的人来说,牛津大学的课程设置,坦率地说,是十分可笑的。
牛津的应用科学课程,比我们这里的一个神学院开设的还要少。
没有哪个牛津教授,在大白天遇到一个发电机,会认得出来。
牛津大学的学生对化学、物理、热学、管子工、装电线、安煤气、用焊枪,一无所知。
Daylight译成“光天化日之下”口气太重。
runamotorcar,
takeagasolineenginetopieces,
washerAflatdisk,asofmetal,plastic,rubber,orleather,placedbeneathanutoratanaxlebearingorajointtorelievefriction,preventleakage,ordistributepressure.
akitchentap,tap:
n.1.Avalveandspoutusedtoregulatedeliveryofafluidattheendofapipe.2.Aplugforabunghole;
aspigot.3.a.Liquordrawnfromaspigot.b.Liquorofaparticularbrew,cask,orquality.4.MedicineTheremovaloffluidfromabodycavity:
aspinaltap.5.Atoolforcuttinganinternalscrewthread.6.Amakeshiftterminalinanelectriccircuit.
anexpertopinion
furnace
stamphimasacollegeman,
occasionvt.toprovideoccasionfor;
cause
averypardonablepride:
不无道理的骄傲
amateur
AnyAmericancollegestudentcanrunamotorcar,takeagasolineenginetopieces,fixawasheronakitchentap,mendabrokenelectricbell,andgiveanexpertopiniononwhathasgonewrongwiththefurnace.Itisthesethingsindeedwhichstamphimasacollegeman,andoccasionaverypardonableprideinthemindsofhisparents.ButinallthesethingstheOxfordstudentisthemerestamateur.
随便哪个美国大学生,都会开车,拆御汽油发动机,给厨房的水龙头换垫片,修理电铃,对炉子的故障发表内行的意见。
正是这些东西,给他们打上了大学生的印记。
他们父母心中也因此而有一种不无道理的自豪。
所有这些,牛津大学生顶多只是业余搞搞。
Inparagraph2,appliedscience,ormechanicalsideofcurriculumiscompared.Leacockfirsttalksallaboutoxford,fromprogrammeofstudy,toprofessors,thentostudents.Insentences6and7,hetalksallaboutAmericanuniversities.Andinthelastsentence,hegoesbacktoOxford.
mechanicalsideofeducation,
culturedstudies,
Housekeeping,
Salesmanship,
ComparativeReligion,
theinfluenceofthePress,
HumanBehavior,
Altruism,(n.)Kindlyconcernforothers:
benevolence,kindheartedness,beneficence,charitableness,goodwill,kindliness
Egotism(n.)Animmodestlyhighopinionofone'
sownworth:
conceit,vanity,conceitedness,amour-propre,vainness
PlayofWildAnimals,
Thisisbadenough.Butafterallonemightsaythisisonlythemechanicalsideofeducation.True:
butonesearchesinvainintheOxfordcurriculumforanyadequaterecognitionofthehigherandmoreculturedstudies.StrangethoughitseemstousonthissideoftheAtlantic,therearenocoursesatOxfordinHousekeeping,orinSalesmanship,orinAdvertising,oronComparativeReligion,orontheinfluenceofthePress.TherearenolectureswhateveronHumanBehavior,onAltruism,onEgotism,oronthePlayofWildAnimals.
这真是糟糕透了。
不过有人会说,这不过仅仅是工科教育。
不错,但是人们在牛津大学的课程中,也无法找到高一级的和文科更有关的应用课程。
对我们这些大西洋此岸的人来说,很奇怪,牛津竟然没有家务、营销、广告、比较宗教、报刊影响之类的课程。
那儿也不讲人类行为、利他主义、自我欣赏、或是野生动物嬉戏。
工科教育:
mechanical不能译成机械的
文科:
culturedstudies要和工科对应
feeble:
(adj.)Notstrongintemperamentorcharacter:
mild,docile,easy,weak,weak-willed
testament/`testEmEnt/n.1.Somethingthatservesastangibleprooforevidence:
Thespaciousplanofthecityisatestamenttotheforesightofitsfounders.2.Astatementofbelief;
acredo:
mypoliticaltestament.3.LawAwrittendocumentprovidingforthedispositionofaperson'
spropertyafterdeath;
awill.4.TestamentAbbr.T.Test.BibleEitherofthetwomaindivisionsoftheBible.5.ArchaicAcovenantbetweenhumanbeingsandGod.[MiddleEnglishawillfromLatintestamentumfromtestaritomakeawillfromtestiswitness;
Seetrei-inIndo-EuropeanRoots.]`testa·
`mentar·
y(-`mentEri,-`mentri)adj.
Apparently,theOxfordstudentdoesnotlearnthesethings.ThiscutshimofffromagreatdealofthelargercultureofoursideoftheAtlantic.Whatareyoustudyingthisyear?
Ionceaskedafourthyearstudentatoneofourgreatcolleges.IamelectingSalesmanshipandReligion,heanswered.Herewasayoungmanwhosetrainingwasdestinedinevitablytoturnhimintoamoralbusinessman:
eitherthatornothing.AtOxfordSalesmanshipisnottaughtandReligiontakesthefeebleformoftheNewTestament.ThemoreonelooksatthesethingsthemoreamazingitbecomesthatOxfordcanproduceanyresultsatall.
译文
很明显,牛津学生不学这些。
这就使他们少了我们大西洋此岸的广义文科的相当
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