英语快速阅读训练Word格式文档下载.docx

英语快速阅读训练Word格式文档下载.docx

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　　AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It'

sanexampleofwhatpsychologistscall"

denial,"

adefencemechanismthatminimizesuncomfortableinformation.Denial,theyhaveargued,isstupid,self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous.

　　ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterroutetorecovery.Denial—ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes—canbehealthy.Ofcourse,youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasantfacts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit'

shelpfultoworryandwhenit'

scounterproductive.

　　Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery,accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WithFrancesCohen,Lazarusstudied61patientsabouttoundergooperations（allrelativelycommonoperations）.Ingeneral,patientsfollowedoneoftwomentalstrategies;

"

avoidance"

or"

vigilance."

　　Typically,avoidershadnotdiscussedtheirsurgeryindetailwithanyone,didn'

twanttoknowaboutitanddidn'

tdwelluponitsrisks.

　　Incontrast,vigilanttypeswerealerttoeverydetail.Manysoughtoutarticlesabouttheirdisorders.Theywantedtoknowtherisksofsurgery,therisksifsurgerywasnotperformed,thesurgicalprocedures,thepotentialcomplicationsandthelikelihoodofrecurrence.

　　WhenLazarusandCohencomparedthetwogroupsaftersurgery,theyfoundthatavoidersgotonmuchbetter.Theyhadalowerincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationssuchasnausea（恶心）,headache,feverandinfection.Thenetresult:

theyweredischargedsooner.

　　Onereasonmaybethattheirdenialmakeroomforhope,oratleastforapositiveoutlook,evenunderthegrimmestofconditions."

Neverdenythediagnosis,butdodenythenegativeopinionthatmaygowithit,"

advisesNormanCousins,authorofAnatomyofanIllnessandTheHealingHeart.Why?

Becausegrimwarningsaboutdiseasescomefromstatisticsontheaveragecase.Cousinsbelievesthatmostpatients,givenhopeanddetermination,haveagoodchancetotranscendtheaverages.

　　AddsDr.Hackett:

Deniersseethemachinesthey'

rehookeduptoashelpingthemtogetwell,notasasignofabadlyfunctioningheart.Thosewhofeelmostpositiveabouttheirabilitytogetwelltendtodobetterthanthosewhofearandworrymore."

　　Ofcourse,noneoftheseresearcherswouldconcludethatdenialisthebestapproachtoallmedicalmatters.Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;

akidneypatientmustkeeptrackofdialysis（透析）;

awomanwhofindsalumpinherbreastmustnotdelayinhavingitdiagnosed.

　　Thequestiontoaskyourself,Dr.Lazarusexplains,iswhethertheinformationyougatherwillhelpyousolveaproblem,orwhetherthereislittleyoucandotochangethings.Inthefirstcase,payattentionandact.Inthesecondcase,don'

tbecomepreoccupiedwiththerisks;

anxietycanworsenyourhealth.

　　Dr.HerbertBenson,associateprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchool,pointsoutthattheoverlyvigilantpatient'

scentralnervoussystembecomesarousedintothefight-or-flightresponse.Butsinceallthepatientcandoisliethere,hisbodysufferstheclassicdamagesofstress.

　　Whilestudyingpeople'

sreactionstomedicalstress,TempleUniversitypsychologistSuzanneMillerandUniversityofPennsylvaniagynecologiconcologist（妇科肿瘤学）CharlesE.Manganplaced40womenabouttoundergocolposcopy（阴道镜检查）intwodifferentgroups,accordingtotheircopingstyle.

　　Miller'

smaininterestwastoseewhetheranyofthesewomenwouldcopebetteriftheyhadextrainformation.Shegavehalfofeachgroupvoluminousdetailsaboutwhatwouldhappenandhowtheywouldfeel;

shegavetherestonlythebasicfacts.Overall,theresultsreinforcedthebenefitsofavoidance.Thewomengivenminimalinformationfeltmorerelaxedthroughouttheprocedurethanthewomenwhoknewmore.（Oddlyenough,thegroupdesiringinformationcomplainedthattheywouldhavelikedevenmore.Theveryactofgatheringdetailsseemedtomakethemlessanxious.）

sresearchshowsthatdifferentpeoplereacttonewsabouttheirsituationsinverydifferentways.Thatmeans,shesuggests,thatpeopleshouldseekasmuchoraslittleinformationastheirindividualcopingstyledictates.

　　Doestheresearchondenialmeanweshouldregress（倒退）tothedayswhenphysiciansusedtosay,"

ttellpatientsanything,becausetheydon'

treallywanttoknow?

"

Hardly.Peoplehavearighttoknowwhatisgoingtohappentothem,andtotakepartindecisionsabouttheirtreatment.Butpatientscangetnecessaryinformationwithoutlearningalotofnerve-rackingdetailstheydon'

tneed.

　　Forexample,aphysiciancansay:

YouhaveasuspiciousPaptest.Thenextprocedureiscalledcolposcopy;

itwilltakefifteenminutes."

Thedoctordoesn'

tneedtodescribeeverythingacolposcopedoes,feelslikeormightfind.Similarly,awomanshouldseekalltheoptionsifshehasasuspiciousPaptest,butonceshemakesadecision,sheshouldnotbeobsessedaboutit.

　　Youcouldsummarizetheresearchinasetofguidelines:

　　•Ingeneral,itisbesttoblockoutmedicalthreatsandworrieswhenthereisnothingyoucandoaboutthem—say,afteryou'

vedecidedtoundergosurgery.Don'

tdwellonallthatcouldgowrongorvisualizeeveryfearfuldetail;

concentrateinsteadonwhatislikelytogoright.

　　•Bevigilantaboutmattersthatyoucancontrol,suchaspayingattentiontosignsofillness.

　　•Findoutyourpersonaldispositiontoavoiddetailsortoacquireallinformationpossible,andletyourowninclinationbeyourguide—butonlyuptoapoint."

Manyofthosewhogatheranyandallfactsareputtingthemselvesthroughmorestressthantheyneedto,"

Millersays.Sheadvisesthemtolearnwhentheirapproachwillonlyincreasetheiranxiety.Inthosecases,they'

ddobettertoturnofftheirradar.Ontheotherhand,avoidersshouldrecognizewhenitisvaluabletogathermorefactsthantheymightliketo.

　　Thebasicadviceisclear:

don'

tfeelguiltyifyoudecidetotaketherosyview.Concentratingonthepositiveturnsouttobemedicallysound.

　　1.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatifyouwereavigilantpatient,youshouldlearntoadoptanewstrategyofavoidancebecauseitbringsyoulessstress.

　　2.Thedoctorsarediscoveringthatthebestmedicineisoftensimplytodenytheworstandexpectthebest.

　　3.Millerdividedthewomenpatientsintotwogroupsatwillandprovidedeachgroupwitheitherdetailedorbasicinformationinordertofindoutwhowouldgetonbetter.

　　4.Basedonthefindingsoftheresearches,doctorsfindithardtodecidewhethertheyshouldtellpatientsanythingabouttheirillness.

　　5.Psychologistshavechangedtheiropinionthatitisstupidanddangerousforpeopletodenyuncomfortableinformation.

　　6.Atipforbothdeniersandvigilantpatientsis:

avoiddetailsoracquiremuchinformationfollowingyourowncopingstyle,butonlytoacertainpoint.

　　7.Itisunnecessaryforpatientstogetinformationabouttheirdisordersbecausethereisnothingtheycandoabouttheirillness.

　　8.Patientsgenerallyfallintotwogroups:

_______and_______.

　　9."

Adiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;

helpsexplainthat_______toallcases.

　　10.Allpatientsshouldpayattentionto_______.

【答案见下页】

　　I.N2.Y3.N4.N5.NG6.Y7.N

　　8.avoiders,deniers9.denialisnotthebestapproach10.signsofillness

　Likemostparents,geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter'

ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern;

Thepublicschoolshe___1___inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwalls,a___2___beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.Thesame___3___ofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

　　Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefound___4___signsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforadestructiveshockinthenearfuture.

　　AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedthe___5___uncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeed___6___thisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

　　What'

sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldshaketheregion'

s___7___centerswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseem___8___incomparison.

　　"

Ithinkit'

squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,"

saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting,Somervilleandhiscolleagues___9___estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.PortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringsucha___10___earthquake.

　　A.massiveB.recentlyC.constructionD.displayed

　　E.relativelyF.attendsG.typeH.strike

　　I.structureJ.participatesK.excessiveL.mild

　　M.disturbingN.population0.presented

1.F2.C3.G4.M5.B6.H7.N8.L9.O10.A

TheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesafter1952wastheeconomyofawell-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despite__1__alarms,thecountryescapedanypostwardepressionandlivedina__2__ofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear1955,atypicalyearofthe1950'

s,maybetypicalas__3__therapidecono