英文科技论文写作 经典常用例句Word文件下载.docx
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英文科技论文写作 经典常用例句Word文件下载.docx
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2.由…得到、得出、得到(结论等)
(1)Asasimplecorollaryofouranalysis,weobtainthatrightinvertibilityinthesenseofNijmerjeristhesameasinthatofFliess.
Note:
asthesameas;
thesameas
(2)FollowingthestepsoutlinedinsectionIIwefindthat….
(3)Weconcludethissectionbyintroducingsomenotationsanddefinitions.
(4)Usingthegeneralizednotionofcontrolledinvariance,aconditionforthecontrolledinvariancewasderived.
(5)Theresultswhencomparedwithavailablediagnostictoolsshowthatsignificantbenefitscanbederivedfromtheactualapplicationofthistechnique.
(6)However,weareprimarilyinterestedinhow(连词)thesealgorithmsperformondataobtainedfromchemicalsensorarrays.
(7)Becauseoneofthesensorsinthearraydidnotrespondathighhumidities,itwasremoved,resultinginathree-dimensionalpatternvector.
Note1:
resultinginsth1:
现在分词作“目的状语”,译为“从而得到(获得),因而得到,从而导致,这样便得到”
Note2:
athighhumidity
3.集中、侧重、强调、注重、聚焦、着重、投精力于
(1)Theorem1focusesontheapplicationoftheessentialorderstothedecouplingproblem.
(2)Currentresearchhavethusbeenfocusedontheapplicationofsuchadvancedtechniquesasartificialneuralnetworks(ANN),geneticalgorithms(GA),expertsystemsandfuzzylogicstoenginediagnosticproblems.
正如“动名词”具有“名词性质“一样”,名词同样具有“动词性质”(可以完成动词的任务),如此处的“applicationofsth1tosth2”。
还有,“generalizationofsth1tosth2”等等。
focusonsth;
focussth1onsth2.
(3)Inthispaper,wereviewtheneedforenginediagnosticsandmaintenance,presentsomeaspectsoftheANNapplicationtodiagnosticproblems,highlightsomefeaturesofANNthatmakeitamenabletoGTdiagnosticsaswellasitslimitationsandfinallydiscussitsapplicationtogaspathfaultdiagnosisofadevelopedcasestudy.
(4)Thefocusofthepaperisontechniquesthathaveprovenbeneficialintheprocessindustries.
focuson;
prove+adj.
(5)Thispaperhasbeendevotedtothegeneralizationofthenotionofessentialorderstotheclassofnonlinearaffinesystems.
Note1:
bedevotedtosth1:
致力于;
Note2:
generalizationofsth1tosth2.
4.用、使用、应用、采用、采取
(1)Methodsutilizingmultivariatestatisticaltechniquesarepresented,withapplicationstosoftsensingandfaultdetection.
(2)Gasturbinesareusedforaeroandmarinepropulsion,powergenerationandasmechanicaldrivesforawiderangeofindustrialapplications.
Note:
awiderangeofindustrialapplications
(3)Gasturbinesaremechanicaldevicesoperatingonathermodynamiccyclewith(用)airastheworkingfluid.
“介词”可以完成“动词”的任务,如此处的“with(用)”
(4)Currentresearchhavethusbeenfocusedontheapplicationofsuchadvancedtechniquesasartificialneuralnetworks(ANN),geneticalgorithms(GA),expertsystemsandfuzzylogicstoenginediagnosticproblems.
(5)ThisnetworkwasdesignedtoassesstheamountofDCFpresentinthecompressorandcompressorturbine.
bedesignedtodo:
(6)Couplingpatternrecognitionalgorithmsandarraysofpartiallyselectivesensorshasbeenemployedsuccessfullyforgasoxidesensors.
(7)Forapplicationofthechemicalsensorsystemtofieldmeasurements,thepatternrecognitionalgorithmmustaccuratelyclassifynewsensorsignals.
“名词”动词化:
名词具有动词的属性,如:
applicationofsth1tosth2.
Forapplicationofsth1tosth2:
为了将sth1应用于sth2.
(8)Theclassificationrulesusedbythepatternrecognitionalgorithmmustbelearnedquickly.
sth1usedbysth2:
sth2所用到的sth1.
(9)Fourdatasetsrepresentingtypicalchemicalsensordatawereemployedinthisresearch.
(10)Tohelpexplainsomeoftheresultsfromthisstudy,principalcomponentsanalysis(PCA)wasemployedtovisualizethepatternspaces.
(11)Useofthepooledcovariancematriximpliesthatthecovariance(sometimescalledvariance-covariance)matricesforeachclassarenotsignificantlydifferent.
(12)Theusualwaytojoinparallelstructuresiswiththeuseofcoordinatingconjunctionssuchas"
and"
or"
or."
thewaytodosth:
做(实现)…的方法/途径
bewiththeuseof:
是采用/使用/应用…
Forexample:
ThemostconvenientwaytoaccessyourmoneyfromahomebankintheUSiswiththeuseofanAutomatedTellerMachine(ATM)card.
TheproblemIhaveiswiththeuseofcomputertechnologyinprimaryandsecondaryschools.
5.构造、形成、构成、由…构成、由…组成
(1)CLASS1datasetcomprisedrepresentationsfromallthepossiblefaultscenarios.
comprise=consistof=becomposedof
(2)Chemicalfingerprintsforthetargetanalyte(s)willformclustersinm-dimensionalspace(wheremisthenumberofsensorsinthearray).
(3)Thefinaldataset(SAW2)consistsof664patternvectorsobtainedfromSAWdatacollectedusingasixsensorarraywithapreconcentratorsamplingsystem.
“定语的定语的定语”
6.覆盖、包括
(1)Generatingdatatocoverallthepossiblefaultscenariosaswellastherequiredoperatingconditionsdefinedbythepowersettingparameterandambientconditions.
(2)Furtherstudyofthisanomalyindicatedthatthisresultwasduetothefactthatthetrainingandpredictionsubsetsdonotcoverthesamedataspaceexactly.
bedueto:
由于,因为,归功于,归因于
同位语从句(that)
Note3:
thesamesth1
Note4:
cover:
覆盖、包括、包含
7.包含、包括、涉及
(1)Itcontainsarichamountofstructuralinformationaboutthesystem.
Note:
arichamountof=agreatamountof=alargeamountof,alargenumberof
(2)Theproceduresadoptedincludethefollowingsteps:
(3)CLASS1datasetcomprisedrepresentationsfromallthepossiblefaultscenarios.
此处的“comprise”应为“由…组成”。
(4)TheANNmoduleinvolvedinestimatingthefaultinthiscomponentisAPP1(seeFig.5).
beinvolvedinn./doing:
涉及、专心于、用于、司职于
(5)TheANNstructuredescribedaboveformsapartofthediagnostictoolthatincludesotheraspectsinvolvedinparametercorrectionsaswellasaspectsthatprovidelinguisticinformationonthenatureandtypeoffaultsinceANNonlygivesqualitativeandquantitativeresultswithoutanyexplanationforthem.
form的用法
(6)Someofthesevapors(DMMP,GD,VX,andHD)werealsoincludedinSAW1.
(7)TheSAW1datasetcontainedpatternvectorsforthreeclassesofvapordata.
differentiate“contain,hold;
comprise,consistof,include,involve”:
containandhold:
Sth1contain(orhold)sth2:
通常来说,sth2并不是sth1的组成部分;
另外,hold指“容纳、包含、包括”的能力,而contain指的是一种客观存在的事实,如:
Thepitcherholdstwopintsbutcontainsonlyone.(这个罐子可装两品脱,但现在只装了一品脱。
)
comprise,consistof,include,andinvolve:
sth1comprise/consistof/include/involvesth2:
sth2是(作为)sth1的组成部分;
另外,comprise=consistof并且指的是:
全部包含进去,所包含的内容已“全部”列出,而include和involve通常指的是:
只列出了所包含内容的“一部分”,并且在通常情况下,所列出的这一部分并不是所包含的内容的主体,而是作为“附属品”;
最后,需要指出的是“involve”通常指的是“包含不利的(不好的)事物”,译为“涉及,牵连,牵涉,拖累,卷入,使复杂”等。
(8)TheSIM1datasetfeaturedsixdataclassesthatwereslightlyoverlappedasseeninFig.1.
feature:
作动词时:
展示、展现、刻画;
由…主演;
以…为卖点;
以…为特色;
另外,最重要的是:
它有“包含”的意思,而被包含的通常是具有“特征、特色及代表性”的“东西”(宾语),此例句中就是这个意思。
slight;
slightly=somewhat
asseeninFig.1=asshowninFig.1
(9)TheSAW2datasetincludedsevendataclasses,severalofwhichfeaturedhighlyoverlappingclusters.
severalofwhich:
定语从句的用法
(10)PNNfeaturesthefastesttraining,buthasthehighestcomputationalrequirementsforprediction.
haverequirementsfor
8.认为、发现、观察
(1)BP-ANNisconsideredtheslowestandmostdifficulttotrainamongthealgorithmsstudied.
considersth1:
考虑…;
considersth1sth2:
认为sth1是(或具有)sth2,把sth1看作是sth2,相当于“regard(sth1)as(sth2)”.
(2)Thus,thepredictionclassificationperformanceforBLDAcanbeconsideredinflated.
(3)Theconfigurationsettingsthatresultedinthebestclassificationperformancesonthetrainingandmonitoringsubsetdatawereconsideredoptimal.
configuration(配置)与settings(设置)不同。
ondata
considersth1+adj.:
认为…怎么样,类似于“find/makesth1+adj.”。
(4)ForSIMCA,modelsbasedontwoprincipalcomponentsforeachclasswerefoundtobethebestconfigurationforeachdataset.
befoundtodo(be)sth1/adj.:
被发现…,被认为…
(5)Inthiswork,teniterationswerefoundtobesufficienttoachieveconvergence.
besufficienttodosth1
(6)Theoptimalkernelwidthsforthefourdatasetsinthisstudywerefoundtobe0.0358,0.0678,0.0138,and0.0062forSIM1,SIM2,SAW1,andSAW2,respectively.
(7)Forthefourdatasetsinthisstudy,120,120,25,and25hiddenunitsforSIM1,SIM2,SAW1,andSAW2,respectively,werefoundtobeoptimal.
(8)ItwasobservedthattheBP-ANNtrainingwaseasilytrappedinlocalminima,thusrequiringthatthetrainingrunsforeachconfigurationberepeated10timestoincreasetheprobabilityofconvergence.
betrapped=getstuck:
只是“getstuck”通常用于“否定句”中
10times:
表示“补语”,前面不加介词,如“for”等。
require+从句:
需要用虚拟语气,(should)do
increasetheprobabilityofconvergence
(9)Newstudyfindsmammogramsha
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