语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版1文档格式.docx
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语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版1文档格式.docx
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14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.
15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.
16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.
17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.
18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.
19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.
20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:
21.
Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.
22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.
23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothepheno广告网址nthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:
alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.
24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.
25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.
26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.
27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.
29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.
30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.
A.prescriptive
B.analyticC.descriptive
D.linguistic32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
A.Arbitrariness
B.DisplacementC.Duality
D.Meaningfulness
33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.
A.primary
B.correct
C.secondary
D.stable
34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A.
inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting
B.
speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.
speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue
D.
Alloftheabove
35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.
A.synchronic
B.diachronicC.prescriptive
D.comparative
36.Saussuretooka(n)__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychological
B.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmatic
D.semanticandlinguistic
37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.parole
B.performance
C.langue
D.Language
38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.
A.sense
B.sounds
C.objects
D.ideas
39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,
A.displacement
B.duality
C.flexibility
D.culturaltransmission
40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.
A.learning
B.teaching
C.books
D.bothAandB
IV.Definethefollowingterms:
41.Linguistics
42.Phonology
43.Syntax
44.Pragmatics
45.Psycholinguistics
46.Language
47.Phonetics
48.Morphology
49.Semantics
50.Sociolinguistics
51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness
53Productivity
54.Displacement
55.Duality
56.DesignFeatures57.Competence
58Performance
59.Langue
60Parole
V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamples
forillustrationifnecessary:
61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor
humancommunication.Explainitindetail.
62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Illustratethemwithexamples.
63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?
64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?
65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?
66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?
67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?
68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?
69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?
Why?
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:
l.T
2.F
3.F
4.T
5.T
6.F
7.T
8.F
9.T
10.F
11.T
12.T
13.T
14.T
15.T
16.F
17.T
18.F
19.F
20.F
21.knowledge
22.abstract
23.Duality
24.arbitrary25.syntax
26.genetic
27.Parole
28.applied
29.productive
30.scientific(orsystematic)
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.3l.C
32.D
33.C
34.D
35.B
36.A
37.C
38.B
39.A
40.D
41.
Linguistics:
Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42.
Phonology:
Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43.
Syntax:
Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:
Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.45.
Psycholinguistics:
Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46.
Language:
Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47.
Phonetics:
Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48.
Morphology:
Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49.
Semantics:
Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50.
Sociolinguistics:
Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51.
Appliedlinguistics:
Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52.
Arbitrariness:
Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53.
Productivity:
Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54.
Displacement:
Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55.
Duality:
Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.56.
Designfeatures:
Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication57.
Competence:
Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'
sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,58.
Performance:
performanceis
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