考研英语真题答案与详解精编版Word文件下载.docx

考研英语真题答案与详解精编版Word文件下载.docx

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[B]carry

[C]perform

[D]apply

1thefruit-fly

experimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimeson

14.

[A]bychance

[B]incontrast

[C]asusual

[D]forinstance

Tuesday.Fruit

flieswho

weretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly

2

tolive

15.

[A]if

[B]unless

[C]as

[D]lest

shorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3

bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan

4

innotbeing

16.

[A]moderate

[B]overcome

[C]determine

[D]reach

tooterrificallybright.

17.

[A]at

[B]for

[C]after

[D]with

Intelligence,it

5

out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuel

18.

[A]Aboveall

[B]Afterall

[C]However

[D]Otherwise

andisslow

6

thestartingline

becauseitdependsonlearning—a

gradual

7—

19.

[A]fundamental

[B]comprehensive

[C]equivalent

[D]hostile

insteadofinstinct.Plenty

ofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey

20.

[A]Byaccident’ve[B]Intime

[C]Sofar

[D]Betterstill

apparentlylearnediswhento8.SectionIIReadingComprehension

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?

That’thesquestionbehindthisnewPartA

research.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftDirections:

inReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

thedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.Text1

ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalsHabitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilot

would13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningaandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitr

small-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15

animalsranthelabs,they

theunreflectingherd,

”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.In-thechangingever

wouldtestusto

16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.

21stcentury,eventheword

“habit

”carriesanegativeconnotation.

Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally

17,notmerelyhowmuch

Soitseemsantitheticalto

talkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityand

ofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:

Arehumansactuallyaware

innovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnew

oftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

habits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjump

1.

[A]Suppose

[B]Consider

[C]Observe

[D]Imagine

ourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

2.

[A]tended

[B]feared

[C]happened

[D]threatened

Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;

oncethoserutsofprocedureareworninto

3.

[A]thinner

[B]stabler

[C]lighter

[D]dimmer

thehippocampus,they

’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingraininto

4.

[A]tendency

[B]advantage

[C]inclination

[D]priority

ourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

5.

[A]insistson

[B]sumsup

[C]turnsout

[D]putsforward

“Thefirstthingneededfor

innovationisafascinationwith

wonder,”saysDawna

6.

[A]off

[B]behind

[C]over

[D]along

Markova,authorof

“TheOpenMind

”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfession

7.

[A]incredible

[B]spontaneous

[C]inevitable

[D]gradual

ThinkingPartners.

“Butwearetaughtinsteadto

rpresident‘decide,calls’himselfjustasou

8.

[A]fight

[B]doubt

[C]stop

[D]think

‘theDecider”.She’adds,however,that

“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.A

1

goodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.

results.

”

All

ofusworkthroughproblems

inwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailable

Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproach

without

prescriptionslast

years,accordingtoDougFog,

chief

operatingofficerof

challengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）

Identigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.Morethan

two

dozencompaniessell

andinnovatively.

Atpuberty,

however,thebrainshutsdown

halfof

thatcapacity,

DNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan

preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirst

$2500.

decadeorsooflife.

Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencan

The

current

emphasison

standardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,

usetofindtheirbiological

relativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-and

meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.

supportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeographicroots.

“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem

thatanyonecandoanything,—

Most”testsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothe

explainsM.J.Ryan,authorof

the2006book“ThisYearIWill...

and”Ms.Markova’s

companyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

businesspartner.“That’alies

thatwe

haveperpetuated,andit

fosters

commonness.

Butsomeobserversareskeptical,“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedby

Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellenceThis.iswhere

peopleclaiming”

theyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversity

developingnewhabitscomesin.

sociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundreds

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

.

justafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,either

[A]casual

[B]familiar

[C]mechanical

[D]changeable.

theYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whicha

22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

passeddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyone

[A]predicted

[B]regulated

[C]traced

[D]guided

ortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesix

23.“ruts”（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto

othergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

[A]tracks

[B]series

[C]characteristics

[D]connections

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereference

24.Ms.Markova

’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting

collectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon’trely

[A]preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

ondatacollectedsystematicallybut

ratherlumptogether

informationfromdifferent

[B]nolongeremphasizescommonness

researchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompany

[C]maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

thatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimate

[D]complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

relationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK’s______.

[A]ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

[B]innovativenesscouldbetaught

[A]easyavailability

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

[D]curiosityactivatescreativeminds

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]popularitywithhouseholds

Text2

27.PTKisusedto_______.

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,

buttodayamancanboosthispaternal

[A]locateone’sbirthplace

[B]promotegeneticresearch

（fatherly）wisdom

–oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour

[C]identifyparent-childkinship

[D]choosechildrenforadoption

$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）

athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togetthe

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto______.

2005-2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题、答案及详解ant05

[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.

[A]disorganizeddatacollection[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

[C]excessivesamplecomparison[D]lackofpatentevaluation.

30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismo