智能电力设备设计教学文案文档格式.docx

智能电力设备设计教学文案文档格式.docx

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Largecapacitytransform

EMCDesignPower

5 

kWDC/DCconverterforhydrogengenerationfromphotovoltaicsources

InternationalJournalofHydrogenEnergy

ThispapercoversthedesignofaDC–DCpowerconverteraimedforhydrogenproductionfromphotovoltaicsources.Powerconditioningforsuchapplicationisusuallydrivenbydifferentconstraints:

highstep-downconversionratioisrequirediftheinputvoltageofsuchequipmenthastobecompatiblewithphotovoltaicsourcesthatareconnectedtogrid-connectedinverters;

galvanicisolation;

highefficiencyandlowmass.Takingintoaccountthosefactors,thisworkproposesapush–pullDC/DCconverterforpowerlevelsupto5 

kW.Theoperationandfeaturesoftheconverterarepresentedandanalyzed.Designguidelinesaresuggestedandexperimentalvalidationisalsogiven.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.DC/DCconverter:

operationprincipleandfeatures

2.1.PVandelectrolyserelectricalmodels

2.2.DC/DCconverterdesign

3.Applicationofaspecificdevelopment

3.1.Initialspecifications:

photovoltaicarrayandelectrolyser

3.2.Deviceselection

3.3.Inputandoutputfilters:

calculationsandrealisation

3.4.Magneticdesign:

transformerandinductors

3.5.DrivingandPWMcontrolcircuits

4.DC/DCconvertersimulationsandexperimentalresults

5.Conclusions

References

Grid-connectedphotovoltaicpowersystems:

Technicalandpotentialproblems—Areview 

传统区域性光伏发电电力系统的革新

RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews可再生与可持续利用能源评论

Traditionalelectricpowersystemsaredesignedinlargeparttoutilizelargebaseloadpowerplants,withlimitedabilitytorapidlyrampoutputorreduceoutputbelowacertainlevel.Theincreaseindemandvariabilitycreatedbyintermittentsourcessuchasphotovoltaic（PV）presentsnewchallengestoincreasesystemflexibility.Thispaperaimstoinvestigateandemphasizetheimportanceofthegrid-connectedPVsystemregardingtheintermittentnatureofrenewablegeneration,andthecharacterizationofPVgenerationwithregardtogridcodecompliance.TheinvestigationwasconductedtocriticallyreviewtheliteratureonexpectedpotentialproblemsassociatedwithhighpenetrationlevelsandislandingpreventionmethodsofgridtiedPV.Accordingtothesurvey,PVgridconnectioninvertershavefairlygoodperformance.Theyhavehighconversionefficiencyandpowerfactorexceeding90%forwideoperatingrange,whilemaintainingcurrentharmonicsTHDlessthan5%.Numerouslarge-scaleprojectsarecurrentlybeingcommissioned,withmoreplannedforthenearfuture.PricesofbothPVandbalanceofsystemcomponents（BOS）aredecreasingwhichwillleadtofurtherincreaseinuse.ThetechnicalrequirementsfromtheutilitypowersystemsideneedtobesatisfiedtoensurethesafetyofthePVinstallerandthereliabilityoftheutilitygrid.Identifyingthetechnicalrequirementsforgridinterconnectionandsolvingtheinterconnectproblemssuchasislandingdetection,harmonicdistortionrequirementsandelectromagneticinterferencearethereforeveryimportantissuesforwidespreadapplicationofPVsystems.Thecontrolcircuitalsoprovidessufficientcontrolandprotectionfunctionslikemaximumpowertracking,invertercurrentcontrolandpowerfactorcontrol.Reliability,lifespanandmaintenanceneedsshouldbecertifiedthroughthelong-termoperationofPVsystem.Furtherreductionofcost,sizeandweightisrequiredformoreutilizationofPVsystems.UsingPVinverterswithavariablepowerfactorathighpenetrationlevelsmayincreasethenumberofbalancedconditionsandsubsequentlyincreasetheprobabilityofislanding.ItisstronglyrecommendedthatPVinvertersshouldbeoperatedatunitypowerfactor.

2.Glossaryoftermsandacronyms

3.GlobalPVmoduleanditselectricalperformance

4.Grid-connectedPVsystems

4.1.Powervalue

4.2.RatiobetweenloadandPVpower

5.Potentialproblemsassociatedwithhighpenetrationlevelsofgrid-tiedPV

6.Grid-connectedinverters—controltypesandharmonicperformance

6.1.Harmonics

6.2.Inverters’operationalanalysis

7.Islandingdetectionmethods

8.Performanceandreliabilityofinverterhardware

9.Theoverallconclusionandrecommendation

Acknowledgements

光伏系统设计选型的优化联网系统中各模块的技术革新与效能整合提高

Optimalsizingofagrid-connectedPVsystemforvariousPVmoduletechnologiesandinclinations,inverterefficiencycharacteristicsandlocations 

RenewableEnergy

Anoptimalsizingmethodologybasedonanenergyapproachisdescribedandappliedtogrid-connectedphotovoltaicsystemstakingintoaccountthephotovoltaicmoduletechnologyandinclination,theinvertertypeandthelocation.Amodeldescribingtheefficiencyform-Si,p-Si,a-SiandCISisused.ThemethodhasbeenappliedonvariousmeteorologicalstationsinBulgariaandCorsica（France）.Themainparameteraffectingthesizingistheinverterefficiencycurve.TheinfluenceofthePVmoduletechnologyseemslessimportantexceptforamorphousphotovoltaicmodulesforwhichspecialremarkshavebeenmade.TheinclinationonthePVsysteminfluencestheperformancesparticularlywhentheinverterisundersizedcomparedtothePVpeakpower.

2.PVmoduleefficiency

2.1.SomemodelsofPVefficiencyandmaximumpower

2.2.Experimentalverification

3.Grid-connectedinverters

4.SolarradiationestimationontiltedPVmodules

4.1.Thediffusecomponent

4.2.Thediffusecomponentontiltedsurface

4.3.Thetiltedbeamradiation

4.4.Thegroundreflectedradiation

5.Sizingoptimizationmethodology

6.Optimizationresults

6.1.InfluenceoftheinvertertypeandPVmoduleinclination

6.2.InfluenceofthePVtechnology

6.3.Siteinfluence

7.Monthlyperformances

7.1.MonthlyvariationofthePVefficiency

7.2.MonthlyvariationofPVsystemefficiency

8.Conclusions

Efficientdesignandsimulationofanexpandablehybrid（wind–photovoltaic）powersystemwithMPPTandinverterinputvoltageregulationfeaturesincompliancewithelectricgridrequirements 

低压智能电力电子变换技术

ElectricPowerSystemsResearch

Inthispaperanefficientdesignalongwithmodelingandsimulationofatransformer-lesssmall-scalecentralizedDC—busGridConnectedHybrid（Wind–PV）powersystemforsupplyingelectricpowertoasinglephaseofathreephaselowvoltage（LV）strongdistributiongridareproposedandpresented.Themaincomponentsofthehybridsystemare:

aPVgenerator（PVG）;

andanarrayofhorizontal-axis,fixed-pitch,small-size,variable-speedwindturbines（WTs）withdirect-drivenpermanentmagnetsynchronousgenerator（PMSG）havinganembeddeduncontrolledbridgerectifier.AnoverviewofthebasictheoryofsuchsystemsalongwiththeirmodelingandsimulationviaSimulink/MATLABsoftwarepackagearepresented.Anintelligentcontrolmethodisappliedtotheproposedconfigurationtosimultaneouslyachievethreedesiredgoals:

toextractmaximumpowerfromeachhybridpowersystemcomponent（PVGandWTs）;

toguaranteeDCvoltageregulation/stabilizationattheinputoftheinverter;

totransferthetotalproducedelectricpowertotheelectricgrid,whilefulfillingallnecessaryinterconnectionrequirements.Finally,apracticalcasestudyisconductedforthepurposeoffullyevaluatingapossibleinstallationinacitysiteofXanthi/Greece,andthepracticalresultsofthesimulationsarepresented.

2.Configurationandmodelingofasmall-scalecentralizedDC—busGCHWPPSviaSimulink/MATLAB

2.1.Solarandwindpotentialanalysisofaselected（candidate）installationsite

2.2.PhotovoltaicSubsystem

2.2.1.Photovoltaicgenerator（PVG）model

2.2.2.Buck-BoostDC–DCConverter（BBC1andBBC2）models

2.2.3.Controlunit（DSP1）ofthePVS

2.3.WindEnergyConversionSubsystem

2.3.1.Windturbinemodel

2.3.2.Permanentmagnetsynchronousgenerator（PMSG）model

2.3.3.Embeddeduncontrolleddiodebridgerectifiermodel

2.3.4.Buck-BoostDC–DCConverter（BBC3andBBC4）models

2.3.5.Controlunit（DSP2）oftheWECS

2.4.Powerdecouplingcapacitor（CPD）

2.5.Necessaryrequirements（rules）forconnectingaHWPPStotheGreekLVdistributiongrid

2.5.1.Electricgridmodel

2.5.2.Invertermodel

2.5.3.Controlunit（DSP3）oftheinverter

3.Casestudy

3.1.SolarandwindpotentialanalysisoftheselectedsiteinXanthi,Greece

3.2.Simulationresults

4.Conclusions

AppendixA.Listofsymbols

AppendixB.Fuzzyrules

Vitae

Designofanon-invertingsynchronousbuck-boostDC/DCpowerconverterwithmoderatepowerlevel 

RoboticsandComputer-IntegratedManufacturing

Thispaperpresentsthedesignofanon-invertingsynchronousbuck-boostDC/DCpowerconverterwithmoderatepowerlevelforasolarpowermanagementsystem.Thebuck-boostrequirementarisesfromtherapidchangesintheatmosphericconditionorthesunlightincidentangle.Thesystemmainlyconsistsofthenon-invertingsynchronousbuck-boostDC/DCpowerconverter,MOSFETdrivers,anti-crossconductionlogiccircuitry,feedbackcompensator,andPWMregulator.Thesystemiscapableofconvertingthesupplyvoltagesourcetohigherandlowervoltagestotheloadterminalwithvoltagepolarityunchanged.ThevoltageattheloadterminaliscontrolledbycontinuouslyadjustingthedutycycleofthePWMregulator.Applicationofthebuck-boostconverterinbatterymanagementsystemdesignisalsoaddressed.

2.Synchronousbuck-boostconverter

3.Systemdesign

4.Dynamiccharacteristic