AttributiveRelative ClauseWord文件下载.docx

AttributiveRelative ClauseWord文件下载.docx

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教学步骤

辅助手段及时间分配

1.lecturingon“AttributiveClause”I

2.Exercises

3.lecturingon“AttributiveClause”II

4.Exercises

PPT,60min

Handouts,30min

作业

1.reviewing

2.moreexercisesonrecognizingandusingattributiveclause

教学内容：

Lecture:

120min.

AttributiveClause/RelativeClause

•Generalintroduction

•Relativepronouns

•Relativeadverbs

•Restrictiveandnon-restrictiverelativeclauses（seetextbook570-574）

•Choosingaproperrelativeword

•Otherproblems（介词+关系代词；

双重及嵌入式关系分句textbook580-586）

GeneralIntroduction

•antecedent+relativepronoun/adverb+clause

•Relativepronouns:

which;

that;

who;

whose;

whom;

as;

what;

than;

but

•Relativeadverbs:

when;

where;

why

Someexamples:

•Somefriends（that）Imadeincollegeweremoreinterestedingradesthaninlearning.

•Themanwhodidtherobberyhasbeencaught.

•CanyoushowmethehousewhereShakespeareoncelived?

•ThereasonwhyIwasaloneinthemountainsisthatIhaddifficultywithmyguide.

Relativepronouns---who,whom,whose

•Whom在从句中可充当宾语和表语；

•Who在从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语；

•Who与whom均可引导非限制性定语从句。

•在“介词+关系词”结构中，只能用whom。

若介词不提前，最好用who。

•Whose表示所属关系，与名词连用，可指人或物。

Examples：

•Thegirlwhowesupposedwasdrownedcameback.

•Thegirlwho/whomwesupposeddrownedcameback.

•Youshouldstayfaithfultothepersontowhomyouaremarried.

•Youshouldstayfaithfultothepersonwhoyouaremarriedto.

•Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.

•Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.

•ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.

Relativepronouns---which

•Which通常用来指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；

•Which可引导非限制性定语从句；

•Which可作为关系限定词（相当于关系形容词）用在非限制性定语从句中；

•区分which与who；

•区分which与whose。

•Heshowedmeaphotowhichupsetme.

•Hetoreupmyphoto,whichupsetme.

•Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.

•Theybribedtheofficials,whichpracticewasverycommonthere.

区分which与who

1.Annaisvegetarian,___nooneelseisinourfamily.

2.Thevegetarian,___ismyclosefriend,nevereatsmeat.

3.Annaisavegetarian,___Idon’twanttobe.

4.Hisbrotherhadbecomeateacher,___hewantedtobe.

5.HeisanEnglishman,___Iknowfromhisaccent.

6.Helikesclimbingmountains,___isagoodexercise.

区分which与whose

•Thedoctortoldmetotakeafewdays’rest,____（which/whose）adviceIdidnotfollow.

•Thedoctor,____（which/whose）adviceIdidnotfollow,toldmetotakeafewdays’rest.

指一类人或前面整个句子时，用which。

Relativepronouns---that

•That既可指人也可指物；

•that只可引导限制性定语从句；

•区分which与that；

•区分who与that。

区分that与which---以下情况用which

•非限制定语从句用which；

•关系代词做介词宾语且介词前置时用which；

•先行词为that或由that修饰时用which；

•关系代词后带有插入语时用which；

•关系词which可用作关系形容词。

区分that与which---以下情况用that

•先行词为all,little,few,much,none,thefirst等；

•先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing等；

•先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,theonly,theone,thevery,theright,thelast,序数词，最高级修饰时；

•先行词中既有人也有物时

•主句为therebe结构时

•定语从句中谓语动词是be时最好用that

•主句为以which开头的特殊问句，或先行词为what时

区分that与which----exercises

1）What’sthat___herefusedtoaccept?

2）All___glittersisnotgold.

3）Theveryproblem___Iwanttosolveislikethis.

4）Propertywasthefirstthing___,onthedeathofthefather,interestedthesons.

5）Thewriterandhisnovels___thearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.

6）Hemaybelate,in___caseweoughttowaithim.

7）Beijingisnotthecity____itwas.

8）Thereisaseatinthecorner___isstillfree.

9）Theworldin___weliveismadeupofmatter.

10）Thereisamandownstairs___wantstodothegame.

11）Thereissomebody___wantstoseeyou.

12）What___isonthetablebelongstome.

13）Whichisthetrain___isleavingforBeijing?

区分that与who：

与that/which的区别基本相似，但当先行词是somebody,someone等不定代词时，常用who而不用that。

Ineedsomeonewhocandotheworkquickly.

Relativepronouns---as

•as即可指人也可指物；

•as可引导限制性及非限制性定语从句；

•as引导限制性定语从句，只用在一些固定结构中，即用在such,thesame,as,so之后；

•区分as与that；

•区分as与which。

•Suchastudentasworkshardwillbesuretosucceed.

•Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.

•Heisnotthesameashewas.

•Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakesashecouldavoid.

•Asisknowntousall,weseethelighteningbeforethethunder.

•Heisunusuallytall,asarehisbrothers.

注意冠词位置：

•Hereissuchabigstoneasnomancanlift.

•Hereisastoneso/asbigasnomancanlift.

区分as与that

ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.

ThisisthesamebookasIlost.

Thiswasthesamelittlerailwaystation__hedescribedinhisnovel.

区分as与which

•先行词中有such,so,as,thesame时，用as；

•都可引导非限制性定语从句，顺应主句意思时可用as，否则常用which；

•as非限制性定语从句可位于句首；

•倒装时用as；

区分as与which---examples：

•Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

•Hewaslateforschool,which/asisoftenthecase.

•Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.

•Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.

•Aswasexpected,shehasmarriedagain.

•Davidworkshard,asdomybrothers.

As引导的定语从句与方式状语从句

•Thetelephone___wastheinventionofAlexanderBell.

•Thetelephone,___,wastheinventionofAlexanderBell.

A）asweallknowB）asweallknowit

C）asdoweknowD）asisknownbyus

Relativepronouns---what

•what可指人指物；

•what是先行词和关系代词的结合体，可被称为缩合关系词，相当于thethingsthat,allthat，所以what前不可能再出现先行词；

•what可作关系限定词“what+名词”，意为“所有的，尽可能多的”；

•What用在whatlittle/few结构中，相当于thelittle/fewthat…。

•Sheisnotwhatsheusedtobe.

•Showmewhatyouhavewritten.

•WhatmoneyIhavehasbeengiventoyou.

•Lendmewhatreferencebooksyouhaveonthesubject.

•WhatlittleheknowsaboutthenewteacheristhatheisfromCanada.

•Shemanagedtosavewhatlittlemoneyshecouldoutofherwagestohelpherbrother.

Exercises：

✹（whereisthemistake?

）Beethoven,thegreatmusician,wroteninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofwhatwerewrittenafterhehadlosthishearing.

✹Mostof____foodelephanteatisbroughttotheirmouthsbytheirtrunks.what/which/that/as

✹Mostofthefoodwhatelephanteatisbroughttotheirmouthsbytheirtrunks.

✹Mostof___archaeologistsknowaboutprehistoricculturesisbasedonstudiesofmaterialremains.these/what/which/their

Relativepronouns---than

•than在定语从句中一般作主语；

•than前面的主句中需有比较级形式；

•than可理解为than+先行词+关系代词；

•区分than引导的比较状语从句和定语从句。

Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanisneeded,sincemoneywillburnaholeinhispocket.

=1.Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanmoneythatisneeded.

=2.Don’tgivehimmoremoneythanwhatisneeded.

区分than引导的比较状语从句和定语从句

Heworksharderthanisrequiredofhim.

Heworksharderthanmostofthestudentsinhisclass（do）.

Heworksharderthandomostofthestudents.

Shecaresmoreaboutherappearancethan（shecaresabout）herpersonality

Relativepronouns---but

•but可指人或物，做主语或宾语，相当于that…not,who…not,whom…not;

•常与具有否定意义的主句连用；

•but定语从句在形式上是肯定的，在意义上是否定的。

Thereisnomanbuterrs.

Therearenorulesbuthaveexceptions.

Thereareveryfewpeopleinthisclubbutheknows.

Relativeadverbs

•when/where/why的基本用法；

•多数情况下以上关系副词可转化为“介词+which”结构；

•注意区分以上词引导的定语从句和状语从句；

•以上关系副词也可作为缩合关系词用，如where可等于theplacewhere;

•that也可作为关系副词；

Examples：

•Therearetimeswhensilencehastheloudestvoice.

•Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.

•ThisisthetownwhereIspentmychildhood.

•ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcomehere.

是定语从句？

•Pleasetellmewhenhewillbeback.

•Pleasetellmewhenhecomesback.

•Wouldyoupleaseputthebookwhereitbelongs?

•Wouldyoupleaseputthebookattheplacewhereitbelongs?

关系副词---缩合关系词

•Thetowniswherethepoetspenthisearlydays.

•I’llneverforgetwhenwefirstmet.

that作关系副词

•Iwenttoseehiminthehotelthedaythathearrived.

•Icanseenoreasonthathedidn’tcome.

Choosingaproperrelativeword

•“瞻前顾后”

1）ThereisaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanAmericanwriter___Ireadrecently.

2）Theworldisabook,andthosereadonlyapage___donottravel.

3）Heneedsalongspoon___supswiththedevil.

4）Iwillneverforgetthetime___wefirstmetinthepark.

5）Iwillneverforgetthetime___Ispentwithyouoncampus.

6）Thereason___hegaveforhisbeinglatewasunacceptable.

7）Thisis（thereason）___Ididn’tcomehere.

8）Thisisthetown___Ispentmychildhood.

9）Haveyoueverbeeninasituation____youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?

10）Thekneeisthejoint___thethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

11）Hehasreachedapoint___achangeisneeded.

12）Theshop___Itoldyouaboutbeforehascloseddown.

Otherproblems

定语从句中的主谓一致：

Heisoneofthestudentswho___（have/has）graduatedwithhonors.

Heisoneoftheonlystudentswho___（have/has）graduated…

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___（have/has）graduated…（theone;

thevery;

theright）

HOMEWORK:

定语从句练习：

1.Asforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof_