语言学练习题Word文件下载.docx
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语言学练习题Word文件下载.docx
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langue
10.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.
Competence
11.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.scientific
12.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.descriptive
13._____isdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage,studyinglanguagesingeneral.Linguistics
14.Englishbelongsto_____languagegroups.Germanic
15.______meansthelackofalogicalconnectionbetweentheformofsomethinganditsexpressioninsounds.arbitrariness
16.F.deSaussureisa(n)_____linguist.(whichcountry)Swiss
17.N.Chomskyisa(n)_____linguist.(whichcountry)American
18.______refertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.
Designfeatures
19._____meansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresentintimeandspaceatthemomentofcommunication.Displacement
20._____functionoflanguagereferstothesocialinteractionoflanguage.Phatic
21.A______studyreferstothestudyoflanguageasitchangesthroughtime.
diachronic
22.Iftwosmallestlinguisticunitsthatcannotsignaladifferenceinmeaning,theyare______.etic
23.A______studyreferstothestudyoflanguageatsomepointoftime.
synchronic
24.Iftwosmallestlinguisticunitsthatcansignaladifferenceinmeaning,itis______.Emic
选择题:
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?
D
A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.displacementD.diachronicity
2.______isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun(number,gender,etc.)andverb(tense,aspect,etc.).C
A.PartsofspeechB.Wordclasses
C.GrammaticalcategoriesD.Functionsofwords
3.Thefunctionofthesentence"
Aniceday,isn'
tit?
"
is_______.B
A.informativeB.phatic
C.directiveD.performative
4.An____languageisalanguageinwhichconceptsthatweexpressusingprepositions,possessiveadjectives,andsoonareexpressedasmorphsconcatenatedinthesamewordsastherelevantbase.B
A.InflectingB.AgglutinatingC.IsolatingD.Analytical
5.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecorebranchesoflinguistics?
A
A.Phonology.B.Psycho-linguistics.
C.Socio-linguistics.D.Anthropology.
6.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribe‘displacement’,
oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage?
C
A.Wecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainlanguage.
B.Wecanuseboth‘shu’and‘tree’todescribethesamething.
C.Wecanuselanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresent.
D.Wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue?
A.Languageisasystem.B.Languageissymbolic.
C.Animalsalsohavelanguage.D.Languageisarbitrary.
8.Thestudyoflanguageatsomepointoftimeisgenerallytermedas______linguistics.D
A.appliedB.diachronic
C.comparativeD.synchronic
9.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage?
A.Interpersonal.B.Phatic
C.Informative.D.Metalingual.
10.WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole?
A.SaussureB.Chomsky
C.HallidayD.Anonymous
11.AccordingtoChomsky,____istheidealuser'
sinternalizedknowledgeof
hislanguage.A
A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue
12.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage?
A.SymbolicB.DualityC.ProductivenessD.Arbitrariness
13.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage?
B
A.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.
C.Lettersandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols.
14.Whichofthefollowingbranchesoflinguisticstakestheinnerstructureofwordasitsmainobjectofstudy?
A.PhoneticsB.Semantics
C.MorphologyD.Syntax
15.Whichofthefollowingmodesofstudyemphasizesonthe“standards”oflanguage?
A.PrescriptiveB.Descriptive
C.SynchronicD.Diachronic
Unit2PhoneticsandPhonology:
填空题:
1.Thecriteriaofconsonantdescriptioninvolvethe______ofarticulationandthe_________ofarticulation.manner;
place
2.__________studieshowspeechsoundsaremade,transmitted,andreceived,while__________isthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguages.
Phonetics;
phonology
3.Allvowelsoundsare__________.voiced
4.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.friction
5.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.
tongue
6.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised.height
7.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.obstruction
8.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.minimalpairs
9.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.diphthongs
10.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.Coarticulation
11.__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.Phonemes
12.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.
airstream
14.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_____isthemostflexible.tongue
15.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.theyareall_____.bilabial
16.Theprincipalsupersegmentalfeaturesareintonationand_____,______.stress;
tone
17.A_____isacompleteclosureofthearticulatorssothattheairstreamcannotescapethroughthemouth.Stop
18.Theconsonant[p]canbedescribedasavoiceless______stop.bilabial
19.Theconsonant[g]canbedescribedasavoiced_____stop.velar
20.Iftwosoundsoccurringinthesameenvironmentdonotcontrast,namely,ifthesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotgenerateanewwordformbutmerelyadifferentpronunciationofthesameword,thetwosoundsthenaresaidtobein______.freevariation
21.Asyllablemusthavea_____orpeak,whichisusuallya______.
nucleus;
.vowel
22.Soundsappearinthesameenvironmentandthesubstitutionofonebytheotherresultinachangeofwordmeaningaresaidtobein_______distribution.contrastive
23.______isanarticulationinwhichonearticulatorisclosetoanother,butwithoutthevocaltractbeingnarrowedtosuchanextentthataturbulentairstreamisproduced.Approximant
24.Theconsonant[b]canbedescribedasavoiced_____stop.bilabial
25.Iftwosoundsneverappearinthesameposition,theyaresaidtobein_____.complementarydistribution
26.Contrastivedistributioncanbefoundin______pairs.Minimal
27.__________phoneticsstudiesthemovementofthevocalorgansofproducingthesoundsofspeech.articulatory
28.Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare___________.voiceless;
voiced;
voiced
29.__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors.Coarticulation
1.[p]isdifferentfrom[k]in_____.D
A.themannerofarticulationB.theshapeofthelips
C.thevibrationofthevocalcordsD.theplaceofarticulation
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthecriteriaofvoweldescription?
D
A.Thepartofthetonguethatisraised.
B.Theextenttowhichthetonguerises.
C.Theshapeofthelips.
D.Theextenttowhichtheteethdrawtogether.
3._____isanindispensablepartofasyllable.D
A.CodaB.OnsetC.StemD.Peak
4.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsin_____.D
A.aspirationB.nasalityC.obstructionD.voicing
5.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisaminimalpair?
A.but-pub.B.wet-which.C.cool-curl.D.fail-find.
6._____studiesallthespeechsoundsthathumanbeingsproduce.A
A.PhoneticsB.Phonology
C.SemanticsD.Pragmatics
7.____isthestudyofspeechsoundinlanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacitrulesgoverningpronunciation.A
A.PhonologyB.LexicographyC.LexicologyD.Morphology
8.Thepluralaffixinth
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