近几年的四级真题欢迎下载Word文档格式.docx

近几年的四级真题欢迎下载Word文档格式.docx

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tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'

dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.

　　"

Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"

saidCarla."

IknewthatifIdidn'

tgetoffthedatingsites,I'

djustkeepgoing,"

detaching（使脱离）herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

　　Toebe'

sconclusion:

Shefeltlikeshewas"

addicted"

totheInternet.She'

snotalone.

　　ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'

tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'

sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.

　　ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:

Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.

There'

snoquestionthatthere'

repeoplewho'

reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'

reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"

saidpsychiatrist（精神科医生）IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

　　JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."

TheInternetisanenvironment,"

hesaid."

Youcan'

tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."

Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.

　　ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"

theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."

About9%attemptedtoconceal"

nonessentialInternetuse,"

andnearly4%reportedfeeling"

preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."

　　About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"

foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."

TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"

saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."

They'

reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn（色情）orgambling"

websites.

　　ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"

intermsoflosses,"

saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."

Ifit'

saloss[where]you'

renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'

stoomuch."

　　Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.

ThewebsiteforOrzack'

scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:

　　●Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

　　●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

　　●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

　　●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.

　　●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

　　●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

　　●Problemswithschoolorjob.

　　Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene（卫生）andsleepdisturbances.

　　PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"

senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"

shesaid."

Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."

　　SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"

gamingaddiction."

　　AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'

snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention（干预）,inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'

dgainedweight.

sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"

withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."

Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."

Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"

toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."

　　ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:

"

IhaveanInternetAddiction."

I'

mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'

mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"

shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."

Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;

Ican'

tevenpaymymortgage（抵押贷款）andfacelosingeverything."

　　Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."

Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'

mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"

shesaidbyphonelastweek."

It'

salotbetternow."

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?

　　A）Herdaughter'

srepeatedcomplaints.

　　B）Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.

　　C）Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

　　D）Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

　　A）Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

　　B）Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

　　C）Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

　　D）Peoplehaven'

tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.

　　A）trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

　　B）becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

　　C）canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

　　D）canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.

　　A）itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

　　B）onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

　　C）toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

　　D）peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.

　　A）discouraged

　　B）pressured

　　C）depressed

　　D）puzzled

6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?

　　A）Hehadlostalotofmoney.

　　B）Hisfamilyhadintervened.

　　C）Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

　　D）Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.

　　A）improvehisonlinegamingskills

　　B）curbhisdesireforonlinegaming

　　C）showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming

　　D）exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'

taffordtoseek______.

10.Nowthatshe'

sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.　

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

　　B）Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

　　C）Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

　　D）Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

12.A）Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.

　　B）Themanneedn'

tgoshoppingeveryweek.

　　C）Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.

　　D）Shecanpickthemanupatth