The DominatorWord文件下载.docx
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The DominatorWord文件下载.docx
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Subject:
Shipping
Keywords:
Capacity;
Cargo;
Carriagebysea;
Charterparties
Catchphrases:
charterparty;
capacityofholds
Abstract:
Adeficiencyof331tonsinacargoof10,400tonsdoesnotamounttonon-fulfilmentofanobligationtoshipabout10,400tons.AcharterpartyintheGenconformprovidedthatavesselwastoproceedtoP."
andthereloadafullandcompletecargoofnotmorethan10,450tonsandnotlessthan8,550tonsofwheatinbulk,quantityinowners'
optiontobedeclaredbythemasterinwritingoncommencementofloading."
Theexceptionsclauseprovided:
"
Ownersaretoberesponsibleforlossofordamagetothegoodsorfordelay"
onlyincasesofnegligentstowageorlackofduediligencetomakethevesselseaworthy;
andtheownersareresponsiblefornolossordamageordelayarisingfromanyothercausewhatsoever...evenfromneglectofthemaster."
Onarrivalattheportthemasterofthevesselgavethecharterersanotethat"
theapproximativecargototheholdswillbe...total10,400tons."
Thecharterersbroughtthatquantityofcargototheport,butinfactthemasterthroughanoversightastowintermarkshadover-estimatedthecapacityofthevesselandshehadtoload331tonsshort.AsaresultthecharterersincurredexpensesofGBP155whichtheysoughttorecoverfromtheshipowners.
Summary:
Held,the331tonsdeficiencydidnotamounttonon-fulfilmentoftheobligationtoship"
about10,400tons"
;
thenoteshouldnotbereadasthoughtheword"
approximative"
werenotthere.Morrisv.Levison(1876)1C.P.D.155applied;
andTheResolven(1892)9T.L.R.75applied.
CasesCited
MorrisvLevison,(1875-76)L.R.1C.P.D.155(CPD)
Resolven,The,(1892)9T.L.R.75
HistoryoftheCase
DirectHistory
CievParnasoCiaNavieraSA(TheDominator),[1959]1Q.B.498;
[1959]2W.L.R.405;
[1959]1AllE.R.502;
[1959]1Lloyd'
sRep.125;
(1959)103S.J.221(QBD(CommCt))
Reversedby
-->
CievParnasoCiaNavieraSA(TheDominator),[1960]2Q.B.49;
[1960]2W.L.R.637;
[1960]1AllE.R.759;
[1960]1Lloyd'
sRep.117;
(1960)104S.J.287(CA)
CitationstotheCase
Consideredby
NipponYusenKaishavAcmeShippingCorp(TheCharalambosNPateras),[1972]1W.L.R.74;
[1972]1AllE.R.35;
[1972]1Lloyd'
sRep.1;
(1972)24P.&
C.R.253;
(1971)115S.J.887;
Times,October13,1971(CA)
TeamServicesvKeirManagement,63B.L.R.76;
36Con.L.R.32(CA)
ENDOFDOCUMENT
Copr.(c)West2002NoClaimtoOrig.Govt.Works
FOREDUCATIONALUSEONLY
*49LouisDreyfus&
Cie.v.ParnasoCia.NavieraS.A.
CourtofAppeal
CA
Sellers,OrmerodandHarmanL.JJ.
1960Feb.19,22,23.
Shipping--Charterparty--Cargo--"
Fullandcompletecargo"
--Declarationofquantity--"
Quantityinowners'
optiontobedeclaredbythemaster"
--Declarationbymasterofapproximatequantity--Vesselunabletoloadamountdeclared--Whetherownersinbreachofcontract--Limitsoftoleranceof"
approximate"
or"
about"
--Effectinlawofmaster'
sdeclaration.
Contract--Construction--Utresmagisvaleatquampereat--Promisetogivenoticeofcapacityofship--Noticegivingapproximatecapacity--Whetherbindingsubjecttodeminimisrule.
ElectionorOption--Effectofexercise--Charterparty--Noticeofcapacityofship.
WordsandPhrases--"
About."
Ships'
Names--Dominator.
Acharterpartyinthe"
Gencon"
form,datedNovember4,1957,forasinglevoyage,providedbyclause1thattheS.S.Dominatorwastoproceedtoanamedport"
andthereloadafullandcompletecargoofnotmorethan10,450tonsandnotlessthan8,550tonswheatinbulk,quantityinowners'
option,tobedeclaredbythemasterinwritingoncommencementofloading..."
Onarrivalattheportthemasterofthevesselwrotetothecharterersthat"
theapproximative[sic]cargototheholdswillbe...Total10,400tons."
Thecharterersbroughtthatquantityofcargototheport,butinfactthemasterhadover-estimatedthecapacityofthevesselandsheloaded331longtonsshort.Asaresultofthevessel'
sinabilitytoloadthewholeofthecargothecharterersincurredexpenseswhichtheysoughttorecoverfromtheshipowners:
-
Held,thattheoptioninclause1ofthecharterpartydidnotconsistofwordsofexpectationonlybutwasatrueoptionwhichpermittedtheshipownerswhoexercisedittolimittheprimarymeaningof"
fullandcompletecargo"
suchthat,oncethedeclarationwasmade,thequantitydeclaredbythemasterof"
approximative...10,400tons"
becamesubstitutedforthewiderangeofmaximumandminimumquantitiesinthecharterpartyandbecamea"
withinclause1.Buttheword"
-whichwastobeconstruedasmeaning"
-mustbegivenitsfulleffectinthecontractasawordwhichallowedalimitoftolerancegreaterthanthatallowedunderthedeminimisruleandwhichwaswideenoughtocoverthedeficiencyofsome3.18percent.bywhichthequantityactuallyloadedfellshortof10,400tons.Accordingly,thecharterershavingfailedtoobjecttothatformofdeclaration,theshipownerswerenotliableforanybreachofcontract(post,pp.55,58,59).
Morrisv.Levison(1876)1C.P.D.155andTheResolven(1892)9T.L.R.75applied.
DecisionofDiplockJ.[1959]1Q.B.498;
[1959]1AllE.R.502reversedonthispoint.
*50APPEALfromDiplockJ.
Byaprintedcharterpartyintheformknownas"
Gencon."
recommendedbytheDocumentaryCounciloftheBalticandWhiteSeaConference,datedNovember4,1957,madebetweentheplaintiffs,LouisDreyfus&
Cie.,ascharterers,andthedefendants,ParnasoCia.NavieraS.A.,asownersoftheS.S.Dominator,itwasprovided,byclause1,thatthevesselwasto"
proceedtoLaPallice...andthereloadafullandcompletecargoofnotmorethan10,450tonsandnotlessthan8,550tonswheatinbulk,quantityinowners'
option,tobedeclaredbythemasterinwritingoncommencementofloading...whichthecharterersbindthemselvestoship,andbeingsoloadedthevesselshallproceedtoKarachi...andtheredeliverthecargoonbeingpaidfreight."
Byclause2ofthecharterparty"
Ownersaretoberesponsibleforlossofordamagetothegoodsorfordelayindeliveryofthegoodsonlyincasetheloss,damageordelayhasbeencausedbytheimproperornegligentstowageofthegoods...orbypersonalwantofduediligenceonthepartoftheownersortheirmanagertomakethevesselinallrespectsseaworthyandtosecurethatsheisproperlymanned,equippedandsuppliedorbythepersonalactordefaultoftheownersortheirmanager.
"
Andtheownersareresponsiblefornolossordamageordelayarisingfromanyothercausewhatsoever,evenfromtheneglectordefaultofthecaptainorcreworsomeotherperson...forwhoseactstheywould,butforthisclause,beresponsible,orfromunseaworthiness,ofthevesselonloading,orcommencementofthevoyageoratanytimewhatsoever."
Thethirdparagraphofclause2intheprintedformprovided:
Damagecausedbycontactwithorleakage,smellorevaporationfromothergoodsorbytheinflammableorexplosivenatureorinsufficientpackageofothergoodsnottobeconsideredascausedbyimproperornegligentstowage,evenifinfactsocaused"
butthatparagraphhadbeendeletedandthefollowingwordsinsertedintypescript"
Ownerstoberesponsiblefornumberofbagssignedforinbillsoflading."
Clause16providedthatthechartererswere"
tosupplyasufficientquantityofcargoinbagsforsafestowageasrequiredbythemaster,notexceeding71/2percent.oftheentirecargo,suchquantitytobedeclaredbythemasterinwritingoncommencementofloading."
ThevesselarrivedatLaPalliceonNovember23,1957,when,*51ontherequestofthecharterers'
agentsforanimmediatedeclarationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofclause1ofthecharterparty,themaster,aftermakingcalculations,wrotetotheagentsinthefollowingterms:
Totheshippers,LaPallice.
I...theMasterofthesteamerDominator,IhavetonotifyyouthatIshallrequire300tonswheatinbagsforloadingandtheapproximative[sic]cargototheholdswillbeasfollows:
TABULARORGRAPHICMATERIALSETFORTHATTHISPOINTISNOTDISPLAYABLE
Themasterhadinadvertentlycalculatedthequantityofcargowhichthevesselcouldloadonthebasisofsummermarksinsteadofwintermarksonwhichthevesselwassailing,sothatshewasunabletoloadthetotalof10,400tonsandinfactloaded331longtonsshort.ThecharterershadbroughtthewholeofthecargotoLaPalliceandasaresultoftheinabilityofthevesseltoloadthe331longtonsincurredexpenseswhichwereagreedat£
1558s.2d.
Thechartererswithheldthatamountfromthefreightandallegingthat,uponthedeclarationbythemaster,theshipownersbecameobligedtoloadand/orwarrantedthatthevesselwascapableofloading10,400tons,claimedadeclaration,interalia,(a)thatbyreasonoftheinabilityofthevesselsafelytoloadthe331longtonstheshipownerswereinbreachofthecharterpartyand(b)thatthedamagessufferedbyreasonofthatbreachamountedto£
Theshipownersdeniedthattheywereunderanyliabilitytothecharterersandallegedthathadthevesselbeenabletotake10,400tonsthe331longtonswouldhavebeenloadedandthatshehadinfactsailedfromLaPallicewithafullandcompletecargo.Theydeniedthatthenotificationbythemastertothecharterershadtheeffectinlawforwhichthechartere
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