专四阅读详解 1文档格式.docx
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专四阅读详解 1文档格式.docx
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日常生活类
377
7分钟
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体育人物类
539
6分钟
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语言探索类
462
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社会制度类
418
今日练习
InAmerica,themovementofhousingawayfromthehigh-risebuildingsoftheinnercitiesoriginatedinthe1920s,butwasstalledbytheGreatDepressionofthe1930sandbyWorldWarII.Afterthewaratremendoussurgeoccurredintherealestatemarketwiththeadventofsingle-familyhomesonrelativelysmalllots—typicallylessthanone-tenthofanacre.Duringthe1950s,manylargetractdevelopmentsinvadeformerfarmlandsnearmetropolitanareas.ThemostdramaticinstancesofthissprawlingeffectwerewitnessedinwesternmunicipalitiessuchasSanJoesandSanDiegowhosecitychartersdefinedtheirboundariesoverseveralhundredsquarekilometers.Theselargeparcelsoflandwereoverrunbystandardthreebedrooms,twobaths,and“ranch-style”homeinafewshortdecades.
Bythe1960sconstructionhaddieddownsignificantlyanddevelopersbeganbuildingdifferentkindsofplanstotryandaccommodatethechangesinthemarket.Thosewhohadtakenadvantageofthesuburbanizationtrendinthepost-waryearshadseenthevalueoftheirrealestateincreasedramaticallyandmanywereanxioustoreinvesttheirassets.Inanefforttoreapthisaffluence,certaincontractorsmovedawayfromthestandardmodelsandbegandesigninglargerbuildingsonincreasinglyspaciousparcelsevenfartherfromcitycenters.Otherbuildersbeganworkingonhomestomeettheneedsofyoungcouplesstartingnewfamilies.Thetownhouse,atwo-to-three-storeybrickandframestructurecontainingmorethan4butlessthan30unitsperstructure,wasseenasthesolution.Theseapartmentsweresuccessfulinluringmanyyoungadultcitydwellersouttothesuburbs.
Insubsequentdevelopment,traditionalsinglefamilyranch-styledesignscontinuedtobeembraced,butnewformswerealsointroduced:
thecondominium,asingle-familyattacheddwelling,suchasthetriplexandfourplex,three-and-four-familystructures;
andprefabs,whichhavebecomesignificantlymorepopularduringthelast20yearsowingtotheirlowcostandeaseofconstruction.Theprefabshavetheadditionaldistinctionofbeingmobile.Itisnotuncommontoseesemi-trailershaulingthesemodularlivingunitsalongthefreewaystoremotedestinations.Inaveryrealsense,thisphenomenonmarksthecuttingedgeofsuburbanization:
amoveoutofthetraditionalsuburbsandintoareasthatwereformallyconsideredwilderness.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thelargepopulationincreasesinSanDiegoandSanJoseweredueto
[A]proximitytothecoast.
[B]excellentyear-roundweather.
[C]increasedemploymentintheareas.
[D]largeareassurroundingmetropolitanareas.
2.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueabout“ranch-style”homes?
[A]TheywerefirsthintroducedinSanJoesandSanDiego.
[B]Theyhavetwobaths.
[C]Theyhavebeenreplacedbyprefabs.
[D]Theyhavethreebedrooms.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?
[A]Theurbanizationtrendwaspartlycausedbythewarandeconomicdepression.
[B]Inthe1960s,thetownhousewaspopularespeciallywithyoungcouples.
[C]Peoplelivingincitieshavebecomefewerastheurbanizationtrendgoeson.
[D]Peoplewouldmoveoutofcitiesforbetterjobopportunities.
4.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabouttheprefabs?
[A]Theywerecheapandeasytoconstruct.
[B]Theycouldbemovedfromoneplacetoanother.
[C]Theyservedasareplacementforthetraditionalsuburbanhouses.
[D]Theybecamepopularafterthe1960s.
5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutfuturehousingdevelopment?
[A]Allhousingwillbemobilized.
[B]Itwillslowdownastheeconomyfalters.
[C]Themovetowardssuburbshascometoanend.
[D]Itwillcontinuetomoveawayfromthecitycenters.
6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]Real-estatefinance.[B]Suburbanhousing.
[C]Constructiontechniques.[D]Populationincrease.
WhenMichaelPhelpswas16,hestruckadealwithhismother.AnendorsementcontactwithSpeedohadmadehimagoodbitwealthierthantheaverageBaltimoreteenager,andDebbiePhelpswantedtoinstillasenseoffinancialprudenceinherson.Theyoungswimmerhadjustboughthimselfagray2000CadillacEscaladeSUV—used,notnew—andnowhewantedtotrickitupinthestyleofthehip-hopM.C.sheidolized.Debbiedidn’tobject,butshehadterms:
foreveryworldrecordMichaelbroke,hecouldaddoneoutrageouslyunnecessaryequipmenttohiscar.Itseemedlikeasmartbargain.Afterall,it’shardtobreakworldrecords.Isn’tit?
Inthreeyears,thecarhasbecomeagreat,blinkingmonumenttoPhelps’sdominanceinthewater.OnaMarchmorning,heisdrivingtobreakfastandtryingtorecallwhichtoywaspurchasedontheheelsofwhichrecord.It’stoughkeepingall11ofthemstraight.Anyway,thedealisoff.Itwasaniceidea,buthowcouldDebbiehavepredictedthatherson,akidwhowasafraidtoputhisfaceinthewaterasa6-year-old,wouldbecometheworld’sgreatestswimmersinceMarkSpitz?
There’slittlechancehewon’t.PhelpswillheadtoAthensasatopU.S.qualifierinthreedifferentdisciplines:
individualmedley,butterflyandfreestyle.Suchversatilityisunheardofinanerawhenkidsbeginspecializingattheageof12.Thenagain,Phelpshasneverbeenliketheotherkids.The19-year-oldisawillowy6feet4inches,“buthislegs,comparedtohistorso,areshort,”sayshiscoachBobBowman.“That’sagoodswimmingattributebecauseyourbodyrideslikeaboatonthewater.Thelongerthehull,thefasteritgoes.”Thentherearehisfreak-of-naturetraits,suchashiselbows,whichhyperextendagood10degreespastlevel,andhisserpentinetoes,whichare,inaword,gross.
Mentally,Phelpsishard-wiredforgreatness.Likemosttranscendentathletes,hehasanendlessappetitefortraining—heswimsevenonChristmasDay—andapreternaturalcalm.Butgreatnessisn’tenoughforhim.HewantstobetheTigerWoodsofswimming,abrandnamecapableofliftinganentiresport.Phelps’stastesarepurehip-hop—hecanquoteChappelle’sShowandrapperKanyeWestverbatim,andherarelyleaveshomewithouthisthrowbackBaltimoreOriolesbaseballcap.Buthispersonalityswingstheoppositeway.Helaughsconstantly.Heiscockybutneverprovocative.Thoughhe’sstillarelativebeginnerintheinternationalspotlight,Phelpshasalreadymasteredthefineartofbland,post-raceathletespeech.DuringapressconferencelastmonthfollowingonevictoryattheOlympictrials,heservedupthisgem:
“It’sonestepandI’mjusttakingitonestepatatime,sohopefullywe’llbeabletotakethatnextstep.”
AftertheAthensgames,PhelpswilljoinBowmanattheUniversityofMichigan,wherethecoachwilltakeoverthemen’sswimmingteamthisfall.Thetwohavebecomeuncommonlyclose;
PhelpssaysBowmanis“likeabigbrother”,whichmightexplainwhytheirrelationshipseemsrootedinlovingantagonism.
7.DebbiePhelpsmadeadealwithhersoninorderto
[A]liveontheirlowincome.
[B]encouragehimtobreakworldrecords.
[C]develophisabilitytomanagemoneymatters.
[D]helphimgetoutofthehabitofspendingfreely.
8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
[A]Thehip-hopM.C.sarePhelps’sidols.
[B]LikeTigerWoods,Phelpsisaversatileswimmer.
[C]Phelpsisoneoftheworld’sgreatestswimmerssinceMarkSpitz.
[D]PhelpsoftenwearshisthrowbackBaltimoreOriolesbaseballcap.
9.WhatPhelpssaidatapressconferenceindicatesthat
[A]heisaskilledspeaker.
[B]heisatalkativeman.
[C]heisnervousofspeakinginpublic.
[D]heisclumsyinexpressinghimself.
10.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat
[A]Phelpswasborntobeagoodswimmer.
[B]Phelpsshouldowehissuccesstohismother.
[C]PhelpswasluckytobediscoveredbyBowman.
[D]Phelps’ssuccessshouldbeattributedtohisgiftanddiligence.
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?
JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcenturyitmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.
Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlanguagedeprivationhere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.
TodaynosuchdrasticdeprivationexistsasorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtomopuplanguagerapidly.Therearecriticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.
Linguisticssuggestthatspeechmilestonesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesanduttersvowel-likesounds;
attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;
ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000words
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