大学英语2 第10课Word文件下载.docx
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大学英语2 第10课Word文件下载.docx
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withoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothers
thecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellows
thewarmsunshineofpraise.
Why-whenonewordcanbringsuchpleasure?
Afriendofminewho
travelswidelyalwaystriestolearnalittleofthelanguageofanyplace
shevisits.She'
snotmuchofalinguist,butshedoesknowhowtosayone
word-"
beautiful"
-inseverallanguages.Shecanuseittoamotherhold-
ingherbaby,ortoalonelysalesmanfishingoutpicturesofhisfamily.
Theabilityhasearnedherfriendsallovertheworld.
It'
sstrangehowcharyweareaboutpraising.Perhapsit'
sbecausefew
ofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassed
andshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthis
defensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.
Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcome
tousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend:
Whenonethinksof
thespeedwithwhichspitefulremarksareconveyed,itseemsapitythat
thereisn'
tmoreefforttorelaypleasingandflatteringcomments.
sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerally
goesunnoticedorunmentioned.Anartistgetscomplimentedfora
gloriouspicture,acookforaperfectmeal.Butdoyoueverfellyourlaundry
managerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?
Doyouever
praiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?
35Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:
gas-sta-
tionattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.Doyouevergointoahouse
andsay,"
Whatatidyroom"
?
Hardlyanybodydoes.That'
swhyhouseworkis
consideredsuchadrearygrind.Commentisoftenmadeaboutactivities
whicharerelativelyeasyandsatisfying,likearrangingflowers;
butnotabout
jobswhicharehardanddirty,likescrubbingfloors.Shakespearesaid,"
Our
praisesareourwages."
Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewife
receives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.
Mothersknowinstinctivelythatforchildrenanounceofpraiseisworth
apoundofscolding.Still,we'
renotalwaysasperceptiveaswemightbe
aboutapplyingtherule.OnedayIwascriticizingmychildrenforsquabbling.
"
Canyouneverplaypeacefully?
Ishouted.Susannalookedatmequizzically.
Ofcoursewecan,"
shesaid."
Butyoudon'
tnoticeuswhenwedo."
Teachersagreeaboutthevalueofpraise.Oneteacherwritesthatinstead
ofdrowningstudents'
compositionsincriticalredink,theteacherwillget
farmoreconstructiveresultsbyfindingoneortwothingswhichhavebeen
donebetterthanlasttime,andcommentingfavorablyonthem."
Ibelievethat
astudentknowswhenhehashandedinsomethingabovehis,usualstandard,
writestheteacher,"
andthathewaitshungrilyforabriefcommentinthe
margintoshowhimthattheteacherisawareofit,too."
Behavioralscientistshavedonecountlessexperimentstoprovethat
anyhumanbeingtendstorepeatanactwhichhasbeenimmediatelyfollowed
byapleasantresult.Inonesuchexperiment,anumberofschoolchildren
weredividedintothreegroupsandgivenarithmetictestsdailyforfivedays.
Onegroupwasconsistentlypraisedforitspreviousperformance;
anothergroup
wascriticized;
thethirdwasignored.
Notsurprisingly,thosewhowerepraisedimproveddramatically.Those
whowerecriticizedimprovedalso,butnotsomuch.Andthescoresofthe
childrenwhowereignoredhardlyimprovedatall.Interestinglythebrightest
childrenwerehelpedjustasmuchbycriticismasbypraise,buttheless
ablechildrenreactedbadlytocriticism,neededpraisethemost.Yetthe
latteraretheveryyoungsterswho,inmo5tschools,failtogetthepaton
theback.
Togivepraisecoststhegivernothingbutamoment'
sthoughtandamoment'
s
effortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutes
spentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestment--andyet
considertheresultsitmayproduce."
Icanlivefortwomonthsonagood
compliment,"
saidMarkTwain.
So,let'
sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundus-andcommentonthem.
Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople'
slives,butalso,veryoften,added
happinessintoourown.
Clickthebuttontolistentothepronunciationsofnewwords
NewWords
profitn.
advantageorgoodobtainedfromsth.;
moneygainedinbusiness益处;
利润
exhaustvt.
tireout使筋疲力尽
waitressn.
womanwaiter
awrya.
withaturntooneside歪;
斜
apronn.
围裙
stainvt.
makedirtymarkson玷污
loadvt.
putafullamountofthingsonorin(sth.)
装满
trayn.
托盘
wearya.
verytired厌倦的,厌烦的
discouragevt.
causetolosecourageorconfidence使泄气,
使灰心
ice-creamn.
冰淇淋
dozenn.
twelve
(一)打
quitv.
stop(doingsth.)andleave离(职),不干
sunlightn.
lightofthesun;
sunshine
humana.
oforconcerningpeople
applyvt.
运用,实施
applicationn.
somehow.ad.
forsomereasonorother;
insomewayor
other不知怎么地;
以某种方式
reluctanta.
unwilling不情愿的;
勉强的
sunshinen.
lightofthesun
linguistn.
personwhoisgoodatforeignlanguages;
personwhostudiesthescienceoflanguage
通晓数国语言的人;
语言学家
salesmann.
manwhoseworkissellingacompany'
sgoods
tobusinesses,homes,etc.推销员
earnvt.
getinreturnforworkorasarewardfor
one'
squalities,etc.挣得,赢得
charya.
careful;
cautious谨慎小心的
complimentn.
praise赞美(话)
vt.
praise赞美
gracefullyad.
大大方方地;
优美地
gracefula.
embarrassvt.
makeawkwardorashamed使尴尬
defensivea.
防御的
surprisinglyad.
inasurprisingmannerordegree
patn.
tapmadewiththeopenhand轻拍
v.
tapgentlywiththeopenhand
indirectlyad.
inanindirectway间接地
indirecta.
spitefula.
havingorshowingillwill恶意的
conveyvt.
make(ideas,views,feelings,etc.)knownto
anotherperson转达,传达
relayvt.
传送;
转达
flattervt.
praisetoomuch;
praiseinsincerely(in
ordertoplease)过奖;
谄媚,奉承
commentn.
opinion,explanationorjudgmentwrittenor
spokenaboutanevent,book,person,state
ofaffairs,etc.评论
vi.
makecomments(on);
giveopinions
rewardinga.
worthwhile;
worthdoing;
givingarewardto
值得(做的);
报答的
rewardvt.
generallyad.
usually通常,一般地
artistn.
person.whopractisesorworksinoneofthe
finearts,esp.painting画家;
艺术家
gloriousa.
splendid辉煌的
laundryn.
洗衣店
appreciatevt.
understandandenjoy;
bethankfulfor欣赏,
鉴赏,感谢,感激
routinea.
notunusualorexciting;
regular常规的,
例行的
gas-stationn.
加油站
attendantn.
服务人员
tidya.
neatlyarranged整洁的,整齐的
houseworkn.
workdoneintakingcareofahouse家务劳动
drearya.
dullanduninteresting沉闷乏味的
grindn.
harduninterestingwork苦差使
scrubvt.
cleanbyrubbinghard,esp.withastiff
brush擦洗
wagen.
(pl.)工资,报酬
measuren.
anadequateordueportion份儿
instinctivelyad.
本能地
scoldvt.
blamewithangrywords申斥,怒骂
perceptivea.
感觉灵敏的
criticizevt.
批评
squabblevi.
quarrel,esp.noisilyandunreasonably争吵口角
peacefullyad.
inapeacefulmanner;
quietly安静地
peacefula.
quizzicallyad.
嘲弄地;
疑惑地
drownvt.
covercompletelywithwater;
cause(sb.)to
diebykeepingunderwater淹没;
使(某人)淹死
criticala.
fault-finding挑剔的,苛求的
constructivea.
helping建设性的
favo(u)rablyad.
withapproval赞成地,称赞地
favo(u)rablea.
briefa.
usingafewwords;
short
marginn.
blankspaceroundtheprintedorwritten
matteronapage页边的空白
behaviorala.
oforrelatingtobehavior行为的
countlessa.
toomanytobecounted
arithmeticn.
scienceofnumbers算术
consistentlyad.
始终如一地;
一贯地
consistenta.
previousa.
comingearlierintimeororder以前的
ignorevt.
nottotakenoticeof,paynoattentionto
不理,忽视
dramaticallyad.
strikingly显著地
dramatica.
reactvi.
respond反应
youngstern.
youngperson,esp.aboy
appreciativea.
thankful;
grateful
investmentn.
投资
investv.
alerta.
watchfulandkeen警觉的
excellencen.
anexcellentorvaluablequality;
virtue
Phrases&
Expressions
makeout
writeout;
completeorfillin开出;
填写
onlytoo
very极,非常
notmuchofa
notaverygood不十分好的
fishout
bringoutaftersearching掏出
shrugoff
dismissasno
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