地质学基础常见工程地质问题Word下载.docx
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地质学基础常见工程地质问题Word下载.docx
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stonecage,changingofriverroute
*Riverterrace.
5-2landslide
一.Thedefinitionoflandslide
Thesoilorrockbodyslidedownalongthefixedslidingsurfaceontheactionofgravity.
Thehappeningoflandslidemaycausethedamageofbuilding,endangerhumanlife,alsocausetheartificalearthquake.
二.Thefeatureofdifferentpartoflandslide
Afterthehappingoflandslide,topographywillbechangedsomewhat,seefigure
Three-dimensionalsketch(draft)oflandslide.
三.Theclassificationoflandslide
1.Accordingtothedifferenceofmaterialsofsliding
body
==soillandsliding
==rocklandsliding(bedrocklandslide)
==speciallandslides(frozenandthaw、collapeslide)
soillandslide
..cohesivesoilslandslides
..loesslandslides
.eluvialsoils
rocklandslides
accordingtotherelationbetweengeologicalstructureandlandlides
|
strata-boundstrata-cutting
Uniform-rock
2accordingtothemechanicscondition
3accordingtothelandslidescalesize
三、thedevelopingprocessoflandslide
step1creepdeformationstage
nofixedslidingplane(
)
step2failurestage
thepenetratingfailureplanehasformed;
theslidingmassslowlyorquicklyslidesalongthecrackplanedrunken-liketrees;
sabre-liketreesdevelopsinthisstage
step3stablestage
theslidingmasshasbeeninbalancedpositiondrunkentreeshavebecometogrowvertically
四.Themechanicsanalysisandinfluencingfactor
1:
themechanicsanalysesoflandslip
:
shearstrength
normalstress
angleofinternalfraction
C:
cohesiveforce
B
thearclengthfrompointAtopointB
radiusofslipping
shearstrengthalong
armofforce
2.influencefactorsofsliding
Theinfluencefactorcanbeconsideredasthefactorswhichhavethecontributiontothechangeofsafetyfactor(K)
1slopeappearance
slophigh;
slopeangle,slopeshape
2rockproperties
softrock(shale,sandrock)
soilwithmontmorillonitewhichiseasytoabsorbwaterandexpanding.
3structure
theconditionofstrataplane,joint,fault,
(shape,location,state,(dipangle,dipdirection))
4water
tosoftrockandsoil
5earthquakes
tostimulatetheliquefaction(液化)
toproducetheinertiaforcetorockorsoilbody
6artificialfactors
impropercuttingslope
puttingon(piling)(overlapping)soilorbuildingstructure
五.thecontrol(harness)oflandslipping
principle:
firstpreventionsecondharness
Thecontrollingmeasure
1.Dischargingwater
(surfacewaterdischarginggroundwaterdischarging)
Thecombinationofundergroundandsurfacedischarging
2.thesupportingstructure
3.anchoringbar(pin,rod)
4unloadingandcutting
5-3Collapse
一Introduction
Thecollapseisconsideredasaprocessofhugerockblockrollingalongmountainslopandstoppingattheslopefoot
Thedamageofcollapse:
①buildingisdamaged
②highwayorrailwayisburied,sothetrafficisintermitted
③blockingtherivercourse
二happeningconditionsandinfluencingfactors
1)deepslope
2)hardrockandsoftrockdistributinginturn.
3)
Agreatmanyjointsexistingneartheslopesurface
三Preventionmethod
1)clearingtherockwhichiseasydroppedusingexplodingandwedging
2)Injectingcementmortartostabilizethedangerousrockbody
3)Tobuildprotectivewalltopreventfallingrock
5-4KarstandEarthcave
一.Karst:
Whichisageologyphenomenoncausedbytheinteractionbetweensolublerockandgroundwaterorsurfacewater.
(一)Karstmainshape
二.Theformationconditionofkarst
1.soluablerockandjointsdevelopingdegree
soluablerockcarbonaterock(limestone,dolimite)
sulphaterock(plasterstone)
rocksalt
jointorcracksdevelopedmeanpermeabilityofrockallowwatertoflowinthem
2.theerosiveco2shouldbecontainedinwater
CaCO3+CO2+H2O
Ca2++2HCO3-
3.activegroundwatercirculation
三.theengineeringevaluationofkarsttothebasementstability
case1:
Thecaveisfilledwiththematerialsandupperplatesareinweakcondition
K:
theexpansioncoefficient
thevolumeofrockabovethecaveafterexpansion
thevolumebeforeexpansionofrockabovethecase
case2-1
theupperplateisstable(nocracks),butcan’tbefullofthematerial
case2-2cracksdevelopedinthemiddleofplate
case2-3cracksdevelopedinthefringeofplate
四.thepreventionmethod
WhentheevaluationhasprovedthatHissmallerthatexpectedandbuildinglocationcan’tbemoved.Thenthecavemustbetreatedwithfollowingmethods
1fillingwithrockorconcreteincave
2surmounting(跨越)thecave
3pouringconcreteorgravelwithborehole
4pilefoundation
5-5Theengineeringproblemsinundergroundengineering
undergroundengineering:
tunnelforrailwayorhighway
buildingforindustry
tunnelformining
substation(变电所)
tunnelforwatertransport,
undergroundgarage(车库)
oildepot(油库)
warehouse,storehouse(地下仓库)
Underground(Store,cinema,hospital,house,
military,commandpost)
Inundergroundengineering,therearemanyproblemsthatneedtobestudiedandevaluated
1.Thepositionchoosingofundergroundengineeringthefactorsshouldbeconsideredasflows
1regionalstability
arthquakesintensity
Noobviouslivefault(newtectonicsmovement)
2rockstructure(joints,fault,karst)
3rockbodyiscomplete,highstrength,hard
4Nogroundwaterinfluenceandterrestrialheatorharmfulgas
5topography—simple
(nolandslide,collapse)
2.Thelocationofentrance
1)thetopographyfeature:
thecavernshouldbelocatedatplacewhereslopeangleisover30°
2)theelevationofcavernentranceshouldbeonthebaseofconsiderationoffloodwaterleveldetermination
3)thechoosingofaxleline(axis)
1):
Rockshouldnotbeweatheredtoomuchhard,nomanycracksaredeveloped.
2):
theaxisoftunnelshouldbeverticaltothedirectionofgeologicalstructure
OurMission:
Thegraduateprograminengineeringgeologyseekstoeducategeologists,geoscientists,andgeotechnicalengineersinseveralareasofappliedgeology.Studentsareencouragedtoimprovetheirabilitytoquantifytheengineeringandenvironmentalproblemsandhazardscreatedbygeologicmaterials,processes,structure,andhistory.Thecurriculumemphasizestheimportanceofpracticalexperiencethroughfrequentreferencetocasehistoriesdrawnfromtheexperienceofthefacultyandfromtheliteratureofengineeringandenvironmentalgeology.
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