职称英语考试卫生类A级Word格式.docx

职称英语考试卫生类A级Word格式.docx

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　A　faithfulBroyal

　CgenuineDsincere

4　Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

　A　attractionBsimplicity

　C　powerDrigor

5　Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

　A　mistBfog

　C　mysteryDsecret

6　Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.

　A　annoyedBtroubled

　C　threatenedDaroused

7　Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

　A　borrowedBpurchased

　C　rewrittenDcopied

8　Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.

　A　fastenedBencouraged

　C　raisedDinitiated

9　Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.

　A　some　Blittle

　C　extraDenough

10Thedoctor'

spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

　A　patientsBmiracles

　C　illnessDrecovery

11Mary'

sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

　A　monotonousBendless

　C　seriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.

　A　oldBunforgettable

　C　funnyDunfair

13Youdidn'

tadheretotheseprinciples.

　A　followBorder

　C　proveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigate灌溉thebarren贫瘠的land.

　A　emptyBhairless

　C　bareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

　A　expressionsBwarnings

　C　instructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly

Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluated,sayItalianresearchers,whowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.

Theresearcherslookedat25randomized,controlledclinicaltrialsthatwerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients.

"

Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiodbetween1997and2007,wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials-morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears,"

studyco-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.

Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007,theresearchersfoundthat11（79percent）ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplicationssubmittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.

Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.Infact,thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhand,aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan'

immature'

benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs,"

Apolonesaid.

Heandhiscolleagues"

areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsforpatients.However,findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation."

Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent,Apolonenoted,buttheaverageduration（持续时间）ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months,witharangefrom12to64months.

Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped,they'

denrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinalanalysis.

Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere'

sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperior.Thatwouldbeanethicalobligation,"

StuartPocock,aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom,saidatthenewsconference."

However,toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy（功效）withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable."

16　Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

17　Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue

18　The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

19　Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.

20　Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly

21　Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects

22　StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Cancer

1　　Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'

sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（~良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomebackMalignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.

2　　Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygene

changesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.

3　　Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy（化疗）,hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'

sageandgeneralhealth,andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.

4　　Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthedisease,andthepatient'

stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.

23　Paragraph1　　　　　.

24　Paragraph2　　　　　.

25　Paragraph3　　　　　.

26　Paragraph4　　　　　.

A　Doescanceralwayscausepain?

B　Cancancerbeprevented?

C　Whatiscancer?

D　Howcommoniscancer?

E　Whatcausescancer?

F　Howiscancertreated?

27　Canceroccurswhencellsmthebodydividewithout　　　　　

28　Genealterationsmaybecausedby　　　　　

29　Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome　　　　　

30　Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir　　　　　

A　prescriptionmedicines

B　controlororder

C　toleranceforpain

D　variousfactors

E　normalgenes

F　differentgenessideeffects

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'

homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'

sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"

YouthEmancipation（解放）"

programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople'

sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists（社会学家）.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"

TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:

KeyforUnderstanding"

.

Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized"

saidMinguez.

InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews（外甥/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.

Parents'

toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.

Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'

llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"

saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosI11UniversityinMadrid.

Mothers'

willingnesstodochildren'

shouseholdchores（家务）worsenstheproblem.DionisioMasso,a60-year-oldinMadrid,hasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest,28,hasagirlfriendandajob.Butlifewithmumisgood.

Hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim;

intheend,h