江苏版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八 任务型阅读Word文档格式.docx

江苏版英语《高考专题辅导》专题检测卷二十八 任务型阅读Word文档格式.docx

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Insecret,wealltalktoourselves—aninnermonologue（自言自语）thatmightseemratherpointless.Asthatstudyandothersgoontoshow,theactofgivingourselvesmentalmessagescanhelpuslearnandperformatourbest.Researchershaveidentifiedthemosteffectiveformsofself-talksothatthenexttimeyoutalktoyourself,youknowexactlywhatyoushouldsay.

Self-talkisn’tjustmotivationalmessagelike“Youcandoit!

”or“Almostthere,”althoughthisinternal（内心的）cheeringsectioncangiveusconfidence.Areviewofmorethantwodozenstudies,publishedlastyearinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience,foundthatthere’sanotherkindofmentalmessagethatisevenmoreuseful,called“instructionalself-talk”.Thisisthekindofcommentweengageinwhenwe’recarryingoutadifficulttask,especiallyonethat’sunfamiliartous.Thinkaboutwhenyouwerefirstlearningtodrive.Yourself-talkmighthavegonesomethinglikethis:

“Footonthegaspedal,handsonthewheel,slowdownforthecurvehere,nowputyourblinkeron...”

Overtime,ofcourse,givingyourselfinstructionsbecomesunnecessary—butwhileyou’relearning,itdoesthreeimportantthings.First,itimprovesourattention,focusingusontheimportantelementsofthetaskandscreeningoutdistractions.Second,ithelpsusadjustoureffortandmakedecisionsaboutwhattodo,howtodoit,andwhen.Andthird,self-talkallowsustocontrolouremotions,steadyingussowestayontask.

Inarecentstudyofstudentslearningtothrowdarts（飞镖）inagymclass,AthansiosKoloverlonisandhiscolleaguesfoundthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenincludedintoacycleofthoughtandaction.Firstcomesforethought（筹划）,whenyousetagoalforyourselfandmakeaplanforhowtogetthere.That’sfollowedbyperformance,whenyouworkouttheplantothebestofyourability.Lastcomesself-reflection,whenyoucarefullyevaluatewhatyou’vedoneandadjustyourplanforthenexttime.

Self-talkcanplayakeypartinthiscycle.Duringtheforethoughtperiod,considercarefullywhatyou’llsaytoyourself.Youcanevenwriteoutascript.Repeattheseself-instructionsduringtheperformanceperiod.Withpractice,youmayfindthatyourself-instructionsbecomeshorter;

researchhasfoundthattheseso-called“cuewords”canbecomepowerfulsignals.

Aftertheactionisover,considerhowyoumightchangeyourself-talktoimproveyourperformancenexttime—sothatatthemomentitmatters,therightwordsareringinginyourears.

（1）　　 

Talkingtoyourself:

notsocrazyafterall

Introduction

◇Wealltalktoourselves

（2）　　　.

◇Monologuesofthiskindseemtobe（3）　　　.

◇Withthehelpofself-talk,wecanlearnandperformatourbest.

Importanceofself-talk

◇Notonlyself-talkgivesusmotivation,butalsoitmakesus（4）　　　.

◇Whenwearedoingadifficultor（5）　　　task,“instructionalself-talk”isespeciallyuseful.

Howself-talkinfluencesourlearning

◇Ourattentioncanbe（6）　　　.

◇Ithelpsusadjustoureffortanddecidewhattodo,howtodoitandwhen.

◇Ithelpsuscontrolour（7）　　　.

Thecycleofthoughtandaction

◇Weset（8）　　　andmakeplans,whichiscalledforethought.

◇Thenweworkouttheplan,whichiscalledperformance.

◇Atlast,we（9）　　　onourselvesaboutwhatwehavedone.

Summary

Weshouldconsidercarefullywhattosayto（10）　　　ourselves;

repeattheself-instructionsand　ourself-talktoimproveourperformance.

2

（2013·

苏州模拟）

Tiredofyouroldcarandwanttomoveontoanewone?

Ormaybeyoujustdon’thaveanyuseforthecaranymorewhilestillcoveringtheexpenses?

Whynotsellittosomeonewhowantsitandwilltakegoodcareofit.You’llgetsomeprofitinreturn,andyouwon’thavetobeburdenedwithacarthatwillbemoreusefultoothers.

Thefirststeptosellingyourusedcarwouldbetopreparethecarforthesale.Makesurethatitisstillinausefulcondition.Whatuseisthereforthebuyerifthecardoesn’tevenwork?

You’llnevergetbuyersifthecarisinsuchapoorstate.Soit’sbesttomakeyourcarpresentableandcompetent.Takegoodpicturesofyourcar,andmakealistofitsfeaturesthatyouthinkwouldappealtopotentialbuyers.

Thenextcoursetotakewouldbetogetthewordoutthatyou’resellingyourcar.Youcandoitbymakinganadinthenewspapers,oryoucanusetheWebandadvertisethroughanInternetauction.Makesurethatinyourad,youwritedownthecar’sfeaturesandconditionashonestlyasyoucan.Ifyou’renotsureonhowtomakeanad,browsethroughautomotive（汽车的）magazinesandissuesandtakealookathowtheothersellersdoit.

Ifyourcarisoneofthenewmodelsintheautomobileindustry,youmightbeabletoattractalotofbuyers.Itwouldbebesttomakesomeimprovementstoyourcar,atleastonitsappearance.Makeitobviousthatitisanewmodel.Ifyou’resellinganoldcar,though,itmighttakemoreworktoimprovethecar’sappearance.Youwillalsohavetomakesurethecarstillfunctionsaswellasnew.Theremaybeinstanceswhereyouwillhavetochangesomethingstothecartomakeitmoreattractivetobuyers.Becarefulwiththeelectricalandelectronicpartsofthecarwhencleaningit.Checktheengine,too,andmakesureyouhaveitfullychargedandtheoilandfilterhavebeenchanged.

Whendoingthefinancialtransactionforthesale,insistonacashpayment,orcashier’scheck.Justmakesurethatthemoneyhasalreadyarrivedinyouraccountbeforesigningoverthetitletoyourbuyer.Neveracceptapersonalcheck,though.Itisnotadvisable,especiallywithsuchanamount.Onceyou’vesettledthesethingswithyourbuyer,youcanhandoverthesignedtitleandthekeytothecar,andmoveonwithyourownpurchaseofanewcar.

Title:

HowtoSellaSecond-handCar

Outline

Mainidea

Detailedinformation

Advantageofsellinganoldcar

Youwillbothgetprofitandgetridofthe

（1）　　　ofauselesscar.

Firststep

Preparationofyourcarforthesale

◇Makesureyourcarstill

（2）　　　well.

◇Makeyourcarpresentableandcompetent.

◇Takegoodphotosofyourcar.

◇（3）　　　theappealingfeaturesofyourcarforpossiblebuyers.

Secondstep

（4）　　　foryourcarforthesale

◇Makeanadindifferentkindsof（5）　　　,suchasnewspapers,magazinesandtheInternet.

◇Consultmagazinesandothersellersifyouare

（6）　　　abouthowtomakeanad.

Thirdstep

（7）　　　toyourcarforthesale

◇Makeitobviousifyourcarisanewmodel.

◇Improvethecar’s　（8）　　　ifyour　carisanoldone.Inaddition,makesureyourcarfunctions

（9）　　　anewone.

Laststep

Financialissues

◇（10）　　　toacashpaymentorcashier’scheckwhendoingfinancialtransaction.

◇Neveracceptapersonalcheck.

3

盐城模拟）

Therearemanythingsthatwewishtoachieveinlife.Forsome,wesetgoalsandobjectives,andforsomewedon’t.Trytorememberthelasttimeyousetagoaltoachieveacertaintask.Wereyouabletocompletethetaskinaneffectivemanner?

Thetaskswhicharedonebysettingandmeetingdailygoalswilldefinitelybeusefulandrewardingexperiences.Astep-by-stepapproachtowardsachievingsmallergoalsisthekeytoachievinglargerones.

Whenitcomestotheworkplace,eachandeveryemployeeisexpectedtomeetdailyresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Withorganizationsbecomingmoreandmorecompetitive,theimportanceofgoal-settingforemployeesisincreasing.Ithelpstheemployeetoperformbetterandincreaseshisorherefficiencyandtimemanagement.It’salsoimportantforeverystudenttosethighacademicgoalssoastobeabletobuildagoodcareer.

Settinggoalsforcompletingthedailyschedulehelpsanemployeetofinishtheassignedtasksandtargetsinatimelymanner.Ifanemployeeisperformingthewayheorsheisexpectedto,thenthiswillautomaticallyincreasetheperformance,outputandproductivityofboththeemployeeandtheorganization.Dailystudytargetsarethesame.Thishelpsyoucompleteyourassignmentswithinthesettime,thusputtinglesspressureonyouduringexamsandincreasingyourchancesofperformingwell.

Howmanytimesyouhavetobeatworkonaweekendjusttocompleteyourwork?

Howmanytimesyouhavehadtostayupallnighttocompleteyourhomeworkorstudyforyourexams?

Hadyoufollowedyoursetgoalsandtargetsrightfromthebeginning,youwouldhavespentthetimerelaxingratherthanbeingbusyworkingorstudying!

Settingupgoalsandobjectiveshelpsyouorganizeyourtimeandeffortsinanefficientmanner.

Inperformingyourworkdiligently,youarelikelytokeepasteadypacewhenitcomestofulfillingyoursettargets.Becauseyouarealreadyontrack,therewillbenounnecessaryworkloadandtimelimitsoveryourhead.Therefore,anotherbenefitofeffectivegoal-settingislackofstressandamorecalmandrelaxedmind.Onlyastress-freeandcalmmindcanhouseprogressiveandproductivethoughts.Acalmmindcausespositivity,whichgoesalongwaytowardsincreasingyourabilitytoachievethepersonalgoalsyouhavesetforyourself.

Eachandeveryhumanbeingaimstoachievetwothings:

tofulfilldesiresandtoenjoylife.Thisispossibleonlythroughproperdisciplineandtimemanagement.Goal-settingleadstonotonlyprofessionalgrowthbutalsopersonalgrowthanddevelopment.Youareexpectedtoknowthateverystepcountsandthatsettingupgoalsiseasy,butfollowingthemonaconsistentbasisisdifficult.Therefore,ifyouwanttobesuccessfulandalsoharvestthefruitsofyourhardwork,youneedtosticktoyoursetgoalsandbefocusedtoward