考研英语阅读理解七Word下载.docx
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考研英语阅读理解七Word下载.docx
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Yetitservesnoobviousadaptivepurpose.CharlesDarwin,in"
'
TheDescentofMan"
notedthat"
neithertheenjoymentnorthecapacityofproducingmusicalnotesarefacultiesoftheleastdirectusetomaninreferencetohisordinaryhabitsoflife."
Then,whatisthepointofnmsic.StevenPinker,acognitivepsychologist,hascalledmusic"
auditorycheesecake,anexquisiteconfectioncraftedtoticklethesensitivespotsofatleastsixofourmentalfaculties."
Ifitvanishedfromourspecies,hesaid"
therestofourlifestylewouldbevirtuallyunchanged."
Othershavearguedthat,onthecontrary,music,alongwithartandliterature,ispartofwhatmakespeoplehuman;
itsabsencewouldhaveabrutalizingeffect.
PhilipBall,aBritishsciencewriterandanavidmusicenthusiast,comesdownsomewhereinthemiddle.Hesaysthatmusicisingrainedinourauditory,cognitiveandmotorfunctions.Wehaveamusicinstinctasmuchasalanguageinstinct,andcouldnotridourselvesofit.Hegoesthrougheachcomponentofmusictoexplainhowandwhyitworks,usingplentifulexamplesdrawnfromarefreshinglywiderangeofdifferentkindsofmusic,fromBachtotheBeatles,andfromnurseryrhymestojazz.
Hisbasicmessageisencouraginganduplifting:
peopleknowmuchmoreaboutmusicthantheythink.Theystartpickinguptherulesfromthedaytheyareborn,perhapsevenbefore,byhearingitallaroundthem.Veryyoungchildrencantellifatuneorharmonyisnotquiterightandmostadultscandifferentiatebetweenkindsofmusiceveniftheyhavehadnotraining.
Musiciscompletely{{U}}suigeneris{{/U}}.Itshouldnottellanon-musicalstory;
thelistenerwilldecodeitforhimself.Many,perhapsmost,peoplehaveexperiencedasuddenrushofemotiononhearingaparticularpieceofmusic;
athrillorchill,asenseofexcitementorexhilaration,afeelingofbeingsweptawaybyit.Theymayevenbemovedtotears,withoutbeingabletotellwhy.Musicalanalystshavetriedhardtofindouthowthishappens,butwithlittlesuccess.Perhapssomemysteriesarebestpreserved.(分数:
25.00)
(1).Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat
∙A.exceptmankindspeciesproducesoundswithspecificpurposes.
∙B.theearliestflutesweremadeofbones40,000yearsago.
∙C.people'
sattentionismoreattentivelyattractedbymusic.
∙D.people'
sbrainsgoinactiveinanenvironmentwithnomusic.
(分数:
5.00)
A.
B.
C.
√
D.
解析:
(2).TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldStevenPinkermostprobablyagree?
∙A.Musicselvesnofacilityfortheformationofpeople'
shabits.
∙B.Musicandexquisitedessertsharegreatsimilarities.
∙C.Theabsenceofmusicbringslittleeffecttohumanlife.
∙D.Musichelpstoerasethebrutalcharacteristicsinhuman.
(3).AccordingtoPhilipBall'
sresearch,whichofthefollowingistrue?
∙A.Humanbeingsareborntobeprofessionalmusicians.
∙B.Thereexistnosharpdifferencesamongvarioustypesofmusic.
∙C.Peopleusuallylearnmusicbymeansofhearingaround.
∙D.Mankindpossesanaturalmusicinstinctandcan'
twipeitoff.
C.
D.
(4).Thesaying"
suigeneris"
(Line1,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto
∙A.unique.
∙B.touching.
∙C.overwhelming.
∙D.mysterious.
A.
(5).Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
∙A.SoundsWonderful-TheScienceofMusic
∙B.MissionImpossible-TheMysteryofMusic
∙C.TouchingAlways-ThePowerofMusic
∙D.Anti-Brutalization-TheEffectofMusic
Aspeopleinrichcountriesknowverywell,eatingtoomuchfoodandburningtoofewcaloriesiswhyasubstantialnumberofusareoverweightorobese.Now,however,aremarkablechangeinperspectivehascomefromthediscoverythatobesityactuallyprovidespeoplewithtemporaryprotectionfromtheharmfuleffectsoffat.
Theinsighthascomefromre-examiningthecommonassumptionthatfatnessitselfdrivesthedevelopmentofmetabolicsyndrome,whichiswhatcausessomuchoftheactualdamage.Thesyndromecomeswithamixtureoffife-threateningeffects,withcardiovasculardisease(diseasesrelatingtotheheartandbloodvessels)andtype2diabetesbeingamongthemostserious.Infact,itnowseemsthatbodyfatmaybeabarrierthatstopsmillionsofAmericansandfattycitizenselsewherefromgoingontodevelopthesyndrome.Andtherealdamageiscausedbytheinflammatoryeffectofhighlevelsoffatinthebloodstream.Andironically,it'
sfatcellsthatprotectusfromthisbyservingastoxicdumps,lockingawaytherealvillainsofthemodemdiet.
Theproblemisthatthisprotectiononlylastssolong,untilthereissimplynomoreroominsidethefatcells.That'
swhentheystarttobreakdown,leadingtoatoxicspillintothebloodstream.Thissetsoffaninflammatoryresponsethatcausesvariouskindsofdamagetobodytissues.Inthisway,everyexcesscalorietakespeopleclosertometabolicsyndrome.
Sowhatcanwedotostopasuperabundanceoffattriggeringthesyndrome?
Ofcoursethere'
snosubstituteforahealthydietandexercise,butincitationtothiseffectseemtobeoflimiteduse.Aswithcigarettesandalcohol,ataxoncalories-pricingfoodsbytheirenergycontent-isincreasinglyseenasanother"
lever"
tochangebehaviourbymaltingobesitytoocostly.
Thenewresearchmayevensuggesttreatmentstocombatmetabolicsyndrome,suchasantiinflammatorydrugs.Onepromisingcandidateissalsalate,anarthritisdrugrelatedtoaspirin,andtheJoslinDiabetesCenterinBostonisnowconsideringlarge-scaletrials.
Whatmightbemorehelpful,though,issimplyawiderrecognitionthatfattyandsugaryfoodsaremoredirectlytoxicthanwehadassumed.Ideally,peopleshouldbeaswellinformedabouttheharmfuleffectsofwhattheyeatas,forexample,pregnantwomenareaboutdrinkingandsmoking.
Thereisaconsolation-youhaveyourfattissuetoprotectyouwhenyouconsumethatextraburgerorsweetenedsoda.Butnowyouknowtheperilsofpushingyourfriendlyfatcellsbeyondtheirnaturallimits.(分数:
(1).It'
simpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthereasonsforobesityincludeovereatingand
∙A.lackingexercise.
∙B.absorbingfats.
∙C.keepingunhealthydiets.
∙D.burningcalories.
(2).FromParagraph2weknowthattherealvillainofactualdamagesis
∙A.fatcells.
∙B.metabolicsyndrome.
∙C.cardiovasculardisease.
∙D.bloodstreamfats.
B.
(3).Theprotectivefunctionoffatcellsstopworkingonce
∙A.theircapacityreachesalimit.
∙B.toxinspillsintothebloodstream.
∙C.aninflammatoryresponseappears.
∙D.metabolicsyndromeisdeveloped.
(4).Theauthorindicatesinthetextthatobesitycanberestrictedby
∙A.puttingfat'
sprotectivefunctiontofulluse.
∙B.unifyingpeople'
sdietandexercisehabits.
∙C.raisingthepricesofcigarettesandalcohol.
∙D.manipulatingfoodpricesbytheircaloriecontent.
(5).Tocombatmetabolicsyndrome,theauthor'
ssuggestionisto
∙A.developmoreanti-inflammatorydrugs.
∙B.askpeopletokeepawayfromfattyfood.
∙C.strengthentheawarenessoftheharmsoffattyfood.
∙D.protectpregnantwomenfromtobaccoandwine.
Thetechnologyrevolutionmaybecomingtopoorcountriesviathemobilephone,notthepersonalcomputer,asitdidinrichones.AndjustastheInternetencouragedanentrepreneurialphilosophy,andwithitthecreationofafewtoomanydotcomfirms,Africa'
ssurgeinmobile-phoneusemay{{U}}unleash{{/U}}thesamesortofbusinessenergy,buttailoredtolocalneeds.
Onesuchinitiativeisabouttobegin.TradeNet,asoftwarecompanybasedinAccra,Ghana,willunveilasimplesortofeBayforagriculturalproductsacrossadozencountriesinWestAfrica.Itletsbuyersandsellersindicatewhattheyareafterandtheircontactinformation,whichissenttoallrelevantsubscribersasanSMStextmessageinoneoffourlanguages.Interestedpartiescanthenreachothersdirectlytodoadeal.Listingoffersisfree,asisreceivingthetexts.TradeNetplanstoearnrevenuebyputtingadvertisementsinthemessages,thoughithopestheservicewillbecomesousefulthatrecipientswilleventuallywanttopay.Forthemoment,though,thecompanyisbusysigningupusersandswallowingthecostofsendingthemessages.
Mobile-phoneuseinsub-SaharanAfricaissoaring.Whereasonly10%ofthepopulationhadnetworkcoveragein1999,todaymorethan60%haveit,afigureexpectedtoexceed85%inthecomingyear,accordingtotheGSMAssociation,anindustrytradegroup.ThisprovidestheinfrastructureforbusinesseslikeTradeNettofunction.
TradeNetisthebrainchildofMarkDavies,aBritishdotcomtycoonwhogaveuptheratraceandwenttoAfricain2000.In2005,hestartedtheprototypeforTradeNetusingaround$600,000ofhisownmoneyandabout$200,000fromaidagencies.Anearlysetoftrialslastyeargeneratedasurplusoftrad
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