考研英语完形填空讲义第三节文档格式.docx
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考研英语完形填空讲义第三节文档格式.docx
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Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.
InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.
39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.
TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.
"
Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges,"
hesaid.
Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts.
33.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary[D]draft
34.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper
标准填空题型四:
无关词排除法(2001年的34题)
2001年35题
Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress.LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.
35.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity
2006年12、13、15题
ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'
spopulation.__1__,homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'
tpossibly_____2____.Tohelphomelesspeople_____3___independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_____4_____theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._____5____everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates____6__anywherefrom600,000to3million._____7__thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:
thatthenumberofthehomelessis_____8____.Oneofthefederalgovernment'
sstudies_____9__thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto__10__thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.___11__whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda___12__thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday__13__thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,____14____notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday__15__skillsneededtoturntheirlives_____16__.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17___programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._____18__EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,___19__it,"
Therehastobe_____20___ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal."
12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house
13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering
15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance
2003年21题
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest
22
suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand
23
butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.
24
theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe
25
thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare
26
byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe
27
toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,
28
publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,
29
studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide
30
opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful
31
dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe
32
ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult
33
visibleinthebackground.
Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave
34
attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized
35
participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto
36
elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37
.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustaccept
irresponsibility.
38
theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby
39
forrolesthatarewithintheir
40
andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.
21.A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice
总结:
形容词解题方法(相关线索点)
总原则:
形容词的参照线索就是被其修饰的成分
两大考点(搭配原则):
(1)褒贬不错位;
(2)具有同质性
具体线索总结:
线索1:
形容词作表语,被修饰成分是主语
线索2:
形容词+名词的形式(已知名词是参照线索)
线索3:
形容词+名词+定语从句/同位语从句/分词短语等补充成分是参照线索
线索4:
形容词做补语(前面的宾语是被修饰成分,即参照线索)
线索5:
副词
标准填空题型五:
副词
副词解题方法(相关线索点)
副词的参照线索就是被其修饰的成分(动词、形容词、副词、短语、句子)
Mostbuzzing,_____,isagreeabletotheear
A.fortunatelyB.unfortunately
标准填空题型六:
名词
名词解题方法(相关线索点)
名词做主语时,谓语动词或表语形容词是相关提示线索,即通过已知的谓语动词判断主谓搭配的一致性,或者通过已知的表语形容词判断主表搭配的一致性;
名词做及物谓语动词的宾语时,谓语动词是相关提示线索,即通过已知的谓语动词判断动宾搭配的一致;
名词出现被形容词修饰的情况时,此形容词是相关提示线索,即通过已知的形容词根据形容词和名词修饰搭配关系判断名词;
1995年46题
Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep46is100percentfataltorats,yet,47examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow48themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats49bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,50theirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.
46.(A)reduction(B)destruction(C)deprivation(D)restriction
介词(即出现介词+名词的结构,此介词是相关提示线索,即通过已知的介词根据介词和名词的习惯搭配关系判断名词);
1994年50题
Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe49toexplainordescribeina50thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.
50.A.caseB.meansC.methodD.way
名词+其他修饰名词的成分(如定语从句/同位语从句/后置起修饰作用的分词短语等)的搭配结构,此时的其他修饰名词的成分实际上是相关提示线索,通过补充提示暗示出名词;
2003年完型25题
teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare26byothers.
25、A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance
小结:
从词性的角度
从题型的角度
1、动词
5、无关词排除法
9、总分结构法
2、形容词
6、同现结构法
10、对应成分分析法
3、副词
7、复现结构法
11、时间、数字线索法
4、名词
8、关联结构法
12、逻辑关系定位法
标准填空题型七:
对应成分分析法
1996年完型45题
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.
Theydonotprovideenergy,41dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor42foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif43ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes44.
Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45nitrogen.Theyaredifferent46theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin47oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.
48enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.Manypeople,50,believeinbeingonthe"
safeside"
andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'
svitaminneeds.
45.(A)mostly(B)partially(C)sometimes(D)rarely
usually+carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45+nitrogen
频度副词三种构成维生素的成分副词另外一种构成维生素的成分
对应关系
对应关系
对应成分分析法-由于完型文章的上下文之间,以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系,从而句子的各个成分之间往往形成一定的对应关系,考生可以根据这种对应关系找出与未知填空相对应已知成分作为线索,通过对应的已知成分从而推断出未知填空的答案。
两个应用层面
(1)应用于句子内部
Misunderstandingisoften41butsometimesserious
A.fillingB.surprisingC.anxiousD.amusing
2003年完型37题
Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.3
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