最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx
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最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx
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最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料
Text1
①Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006'sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:
elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.②IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.
①Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?
②Hereareafewguesses:
a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.
①AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”②EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.③Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:
trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.④“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.⑤“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
①Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.②Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.③Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.④Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.⑤Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
①Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.②Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.③Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:
thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.④Or,putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto__________.
[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining
[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsoftheWorldCup
[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance
[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers
22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans__________.
[A]fun
[B]craze
[C]hysteria
[D]excitement
23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory__________.
[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation
[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors
[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration
24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat__________.
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess
[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance
[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked
[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture
25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”
[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”
[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”
[D]“Likefather,likeson.”
Text2
①Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”②PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.③IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.④SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?
Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
⑤It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.
①Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.②Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?
③Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computers
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