人教新课标英语高一年级上必修12语法精讲Word文档下载推荐.docx
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人教新课标英语高一年级上必修12语法精讲Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”→Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.
3、表示建议、劝告的祈使句,在变为间接引语时,可用“suggest+动名词”或“suggest+thatsb/sth(should)do”结构。
这种用法在let祈使句中最为常见。
eg:
Hesaid,“Let’sleavethecoatsathome.”→Hesuggestedourleavingthecoatsathome.
→Hesuggestedthatwe(should)leavethecoatsathome.
语法专练:
将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1.Hesaid,“Iamgoingtoseeafilmthisafternoon.”
2.Heaskedme,“WhenwillyougotoBeijing?
”
3.Tomsaidtome,“IwenttoNewYorklastmonth.”
4.Jacksaidtome,“Ihavewaitedforyouforalongtime.”
5.Heaskedme,“Areyoufondoffootball?
6.Theteacheraskedhim,“Whatdidyoudolastnightandwhendidyougotobed?
7.Heaskedtheboy,“Whywereyoulateagain?
8.Iaskedher,“Doyouliveintheschool?
9.Theteacheraskedus,“Stoptalking,pleaseandhandinyourexercisebooks.”
10.TheteachersaidtoLiPing,“Turnoffyourrecorder.”
11.TheteachersaidtoLiPing,“Don’tlistentothetapeinclass.”
12.Themothersaidtheboy,“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”
13.Hislittlesistersaid,“Whynotgotothecinema?
14.“Speaklouder,please,”hesaidtoher.
15.“Don’twaitforme,”hesaidtothem.
16.“Canyoutellmeastory?
”thegirlaskedherfather.
Ⅱ.现在进行时
现在进行时是表示最近的、将来的安排、计划或打算。
如arrive,come,drive,fly,go,leave,start,travel,stay,remain等。
一、现在进行时的基本用法
1、表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
WearehavingourEnglishclass.
2、表示现阶段暂时的情况,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr.Liiswritinganothernovel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态)
3、表示发展中的或正在改变的情况,常这样用的动词有:
get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。
Theleavesareturningred.
It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
4、与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩(赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪)。
Youarealwayschangingyourmind.
二、现在进行时表示将来
用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的、按计划或安排要发生的动作,谓语通常为瞬间性的动词,如come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return,meet,get等。
但在现代英语中,有相当多的动态动词都可用现在进行时表示将来。
这种句子通常有一个表示将来的时间状语。
They’releavingforHongKongthisafternoon.
Heiswritingtoyoutomorrow.
IamspendingmyholidayinSwitzerlandthisyear.
三、表示将来的动作或状态的其他形式
1、will/shall+动词原形:
单纯表示将来的动作或状态。
Shewillbeagoodwifeandmotherwhenshegetsmarried.
2、begoingto+动词原形:
表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
eg:
Areyougoingtothepartythisevening?
3、beto+动词原形:
表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。
Arewetogoonwiththisproject?
4、beaboutto+动词原形:
表示即将发生的动作,不与表示将来的时间状语连用。
Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenmyguideshoutedatmeandtoldmenottodoso.
5、一般现在时代替一般将来时。
when,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incasethat,unless,evenif,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately,theinstant等引导的时间状语从句、条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。
HeisgoingtovisitherauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.
用于某些简单句中,适用于come,go,leave,begin,start,arrive等动词。
这些动词多表示按照时刻将要如何。
Whattimedoesthetraingo?
Theplanestartsat10o’clocktomorrowmorning.
1.Becausetheshop,theT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.
A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown
2.I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida,Imymum.
A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken
3.Mymoney.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutbeforeIhavenoneinhand.
A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout
4.---Whenwillyouleave?
---Weverysoon.
A.doleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.leave
5.---Whenwillyoutellussomethingabouttheweatherthere?
---Itothat.
A.goB.comeC.amgoingD.amcoming
6.HesaidhemeapresentunlessIindoingtheexperiment.
A.hadnotgiven;
hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;
succeeded
C.willnotgive;
succeedD.wouldnotgive;
wouldsucceed
7.---leaveattheendofthismonth.---Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntilanotherjob.
A.I’mgoingto;
you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;
you’vefound
C.I’ll;
you’llfindD.I’ll;
you’dfind
8.Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyouhome.
A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write
9.Afterlosing$20,000onmylastbusinessventure,Ianychancesthistime.
A.haven’ttakenB.don’ttakeC.amnottakingD.wouldn’ttake
10.Youthingsabout.Look,whatamessityourroom?
A.arealwaysthrowingB.havealwaysthrownC.alwaysthrowD.havealwaysbeenthrowing
Ⅲ.定语从句
定语从句在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。
引导定语从句并作定语从句中的一个成分的词叫做“关系词”。
常见的关系词有关系代词(who,whom,whose,that,which等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)。
关系词有两个作用:
1、放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用,引导定语从句;
2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、关系代词及其作用一览表
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关
系
代
词
who
表人的词
主语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,that,which在从句中作宾语时,常可省略;
但介词提前是,后面关系代词不能省略,也不可用that。
whom
宾语
Mr.LiisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.
Thyboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.
whose
表人或物的词
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.
that
主语或宾语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthestar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
表物的词
Thebook(which)Igaveyouwas.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
作宾语一般不省略。
二、关系代词特殊用法一览表
情况
用法说明
只用
that的情
况
1、先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时;
2、先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时;
3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
4、先行词既指人又指物时;
5、先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时;
6、先行词位于以who或which引导的特殊疑问句式的主句中时;
7、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
7.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
的情
1、在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指物;
用who/whom指人;
2、在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,用which指物,whom指人;
3、先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
Ⅰ.用that,which,who,whom或whose填空
1.Istillremembermyfirsthistoryteacherlessonwerelivelyandinteresting.
2.Theboyswantedtoplayfootballweredisappointedwhenitrained.
3.ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
4.It’safamilyofeightchildren,allofarestudyingmusic.
5.Doyoustillrememberthedayswespenttogetherlastsummervacation?
6.hadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
7.Thisisthemostexpensivebookissoldinthisshop.
8.Doyouagreewitheverythinghesaidatthemeeting?
9.Beijingwasattackedbysuchaterriblesandstormfewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.
10.Thisistheonlyshopsellsthiskindofmachine.
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.Thereisaboydownstairswantstoseeyou.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.he
2.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshesawinthepark.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that
3.Thefiredestroyedwasinthebuilding.
A.allB.allthatC.thatD.which
4.Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouseroofisunderrepair.
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
5.Womendrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosedon’t.
A.who;
/B./;
whoC.who;
whoD./;
/
6.Theirgoodsareexchangedforsuchmachineryandequipmentweneedtobuyabroad.
A.thatB.whatC.asD.which
7.Ourconcertturnedouttobeagreatsuccess,theyhadneverexpected.
A.whatB.thatC.whenD.which
8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
9.Thisistheonlyanswerright.
A.whichwethinkisB.whatwethinkitisC.thatwethinkisD.whatwethinkseems
10.ThisisthecityIlivedintwoyearsago.
A.whichB.whatC.whereD.as
Ⅳ.关系副词when,why,where,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、关系副词when,why,where及其作用一览表
副
when
表时间的
作时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.
可用onwhich
where
表地点的
作地点状语
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
可用inwhich
why
表原因的词
作原因状语
Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.
可用forwhich
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词when,why,where引导的定语从句
when在定语从句中表示时间,作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词,如:
time,moment,month,day,year等。
Doyourememberthedaywhenyourboyfriendwasborn?
Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.
where在定语从句中表示地点,作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词,如:
school,house,place,village等。
ShelivedinRomeforacoupleofyears,whereshetaughtEnglish.
Thisisthefactorywhereourpresidentusedtowork.
注意:
有些先行词虽不表示具体的地点,但表达一种“阶段、境地、形势、地步”,也可用where来引导定语从句。
如
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