数字滤波器中英文.docx
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数字滤波器中英文.docx
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数字滤波器中英文
Thesimulationandtherealizationofthedigitalfilter
Withtheinformationageandtheadventofthedigitalworld,digitalsignalprocessinghasbecomeoneoftoday'smostimportantdisciplinesanddoortechnology.Digitalsignalprocessingincommunications,voice,images,automaticcontrol,radar,military,aerospace,medicalandhouseholdappliances,andmanyotherfieldswidelyapplied.Inthedigitalsignalprocessingapplications,thedigitalfilterisimportantandhasbeenwidelyapplied.
1、figuresUniton:
Analoganddigitalfilters
Insignalprocessing,thefunctionofafilteristoremoveunwantedpartsofthesignal,suchasrandomnoise,ortoextractusefulpartsofthesignal,suchasthecomponentslyingwithinacertainfrequencyrange.
Thefollowingblockdiagramillustratesthebasicidea.
Therearetwomainkindsoffilter,analoganddigital.Theyarequitedifferentintheirphysicalmakeupandinhowtheywork.Ananalogfilterusesanalogelectroniccircuitsmadeupfromcomponentssuchasresistors,capacitorsandopampstoproducetherequiredfilteringeffect.Suchfiltercircuitsarewidelyusedinsuchapplicationsasnoisereduction,videosignalenhancement,graphicequalisersinhi-fisystems,andmanyotherareas.Therearewell-establishedstandardtechniquesfordesigningananalogfiltercircuitforagivenrequirement.Atallstages,thesignalbeingfilteredisanelectricalvoltageorcurrentwhichisthedirectanalogueofthephysicalquantity(e.g.asoundorvideosignalortransduceroutput)involved.Adigitalfilterusesadigitalprocessortoperformnumericalcalculationsonsampledvaluesofthesignal.Theprocessormaybeageneral-purposecomputersuchasaPC,oraspecialisedDSP(DigitalSignalProcessor)chip.TheanaloginputsignalmustfirstbesampledanddigitisedusinganADC(analogtodigitalconverter).Theresultingbinarynumbers,representingsuccessivesampledvaluesoftheinputsignal,aretransferredtotheprocessor,whichcarriesoutnumericalcalculationsonthem.Thesecalculationstypicallyinvolvemultiplyingtheinputvaluesbyconstantsandaddingtheproductstogether.Ifnecessary,theresultsofthesecalculations,whichnowrepresentsampledvaluesofthefilteredsignal,areoutputthroughaDAC(digitaltoanalogconverter)toconvertthesignalbacktoanalogform.
Notethatinadigitalfilter,thesignalisrepresentedbyasequenceofnumbers,ratherthanavoltageorcurrent.
Thefollowingdiagramshowsthebasicsetupofsuchasystem.
Unitreferstotheinputsignalsusedtofilterhardwareorsoftware.Ifthefilterinput,outputsignalsareseparated,theyareboundtorespondtotheimpactoftheUnitisseparated,suchasdigitalfiltersfilterdefinition.Digitalfilterfunction,whichwastoimportsequencesXtransformationintoexportoperationsthroughaseriesY.
Accordingtofiguresfilterfunction24-hourliveresponsecharacteristics,digitalfilterscanbedividedintotwo,namely,unlimitedlonglivelonglivethecorrespondingIIRfilterandthelimitedresponsetoFIRfilters.IIRfiltershavetheadvantageofthedigitalfilterdesigncanusesimulationresults,andsimulationfilterdesignofalargenumberoftablesmayfacilitatesimple.Itistheshortcomingsofthenonlinearphase;Linearphaseifrequired,willusetheentirenetworkphase-correction.Imageprocessingandtransmissionofdatacollectionisrequiredwithlinearphasefiltersidentity.AndFIRlinearphasedigitalfiltertoachieve,butanarbitrarymargincharacteristics.Impactfromthedigitalfilterresponseoftheunitscanbedividedintotwobroadcategories:
theimpactofthelimitedresponse(FIR)filters,andunlimitednumberofshocksto(IIR)digitalfilters.
FIRfilterscanbestrictlylinearphase,butbecausethesystemFIRfilterfunctionextremityfixedattheoriginalpoint,itcanonlyusethehighernumberofbandstoachievetheirhighselectivityforthesamefilterdesignindicatorsFIRfiltercalledbandthanafewhigh-IIR5-10times,thecostishigher,Signaldelayisalsolarger.Butifthesamelinearphase,IIRfiltersmustbenetwork-widecalibrationphase,thesamesectionalsoincreasethenumberoffiltersandnetworkcomplexity.FIRfilterscanbeusedtoachievenon-Diguiway,notinalimitedprecisionofashock,andintothehomesandquantitativefactorsofuncertaintyarisingfromtheimpactoferrorsthanIIRfiltersmallnumber,andFIRfiltercanbeusedFFTalgorithms,thecomputationalspeed.ButunlikeIIRfiltercanfilterthroughthesimulationresults,thereisnoready-madeformulaFIRfiltermustusecomputer-aideddesignsoftware(suchasMATLAB)tocalculate.So,abroaderapplicationofFIRfilters,andIIRfiltersarenotverystrictrequirementsonoccasions.
Unitfromsub-functionscanbedividedintothefollowingfourcategori
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