Notes on MilkShape 3DWord下载.docx
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Notes on MilkShape 3DWord下载.docx
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MilkShape3D(at)isalow-polygon3Dmodelingprogram.DevelopedbyMeteCiraganinSwitzerland,MilkShapehasevolvedoverthelastseveralyearstobethestandardfree-wareprogramfor3Dmodeling,andincludesalargenumberofplug-insandfeaturessuppliedbydevelopersintheMilkShapecommunity.Besidesitsowninternalfileformat,MilkShapeincludesalargesetofsupportedexportformatsfordifferentgameprograms,andamedium-sizesetofsupportedimportformats.
MilkShape3DdealswiththebasicsthatarewidelysupportedonnumerousGraphicsCardsandGraphicsApplicationProgrammingInterfaces(APIs)suchasDirectXandOpenGL.ThebasicbuildingblocksMilkShape3DdealswithareVertices,Polygons(3-sided),andNormals.Anormal(inFlatShading)canbeimaginedtoprojectfromthemiddleofthepolygonata90-degreeangletothesurfaceofthepolygon.Thenormalalwaysfacesfromthesideofthepolygonlookingoutward,andisusedtocalculatetheintensityoflightonthepolygon.
Inadditiontothesemodelingbuildingblocks,MilkShapealsosupportstexturemappingandkeyframebasedanimation.
MilkShapecompeteswithhigher-endprogramssuchastrueSpace,Maya,3dsMax,andLightwave3D,whichhavecostsinthehundredstothousandsofdollars.TheregistrationfeeforMilkShape3Dis$25.Theonlyotherlow-costprogramsthatwehaveseengettingsignificantattentionareBlender(atwww.blender.org)and3DCanvasPro(at
WearecurrentlyrunningMilkShape3Drelease1.8.4,whichwasreleasedinAugust2008.Therearehavebeennomajorupdatesrecently,thesearemostlybugfixes,thoughtherewastheadditionofanewgroupprimitive,calledaPlane,aboutfiverevsago.Eachrevhasincludedupdatestosomeoftherenderingmodes(suchasanewmaterialsmappingmodein1.8.3),editingtools(suchassnap-to-gridabouttworevsago),andintheimport/exporttools.
ReferenceMaterial
Beingalow-costprogram,mostofthehelp,reference,andtutorialfilesforMilkShapearecontributedbyusers,andnotalwayskeptuptodateorprofessionallyedited.Herearesomeofthemostusefulwehavefound:
∙“MilkShape3Dhelpfiles”,whichareaseparatedownloadfrom,attachintotheprogram,andareareferencefilewhichiswellorganizedinthatitmatchesthestructureofthemenusandtools.Thereisashortintroductiononthefirstpage,thenafterthereferencematerials,thereareanewtutorialsandthenappendicesofbackgroundinformation.Wellworthdownloading,andusedasamajorsourceforthesenotes.However,itoftendoesn’ttellwhyyouwoulduseaparticulartoolorapproach,anditisatleastayearoutofdate.
∙“j0sh'
sMilkShapeTutorialforbloodynewbs”wasadownloadfrom(http:
//www.joshonen.ch.vu/),andappearstohavebeencreatedusingMilkShape1.5.7.Ittakesyouthroughallstagesofbuildingananimatedgamecharacter;
withlotsofscreenshotsduringtheprocess(thehelpfilesarelowonscreenshots).Wellworthdownloading.
∙“MilkShapeTutorialsandExamples”,fromhttp:
//www.psionic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/tutorials/lowpoly/mbasics.htmlappearstohavebeenwrittenbysomeoneatPsionicduring2001.Wedon’tknowwhatversionoftheprogramwasused.SimilarinnaturetotheJoshexamples,ithaslotsofscreenshotsandhints.Thereareexamplesofamachinegunandaninteriorsceneinthisdownload.
∙“3DGameProgrammingAllInOne”,byKennethC.Finney,fromCourseTechnologyPTR,2004,848pages.$49.99AmazonPrice$29.99.ThisisoneofanumberofbooksonintroductorygameprogrammingthatincludeaMilkShapeevaluationcopyonaCD,butitistheonlybookwehavefoundthatcontainstextandexamplesofuseMilkShapefor3Dmodeling(allofChapter13isaboutMilkShape).Butthecontentofthatchapterappearstomostlybearestatingorminorrewritingofthereferenceinformationfromthehelpfiles,soweneverboughtthebook.
Onethingtonoteaboutthehelpandtutorialfilesisthatfewofthemgointothespecializedplug-insthatappearontheToolsmenu,sothereislittlesupportforthese(exceptinthefewcaseswheretheauthorofthehelportutorialfilewastheauthoroftheplug-in).
Inthesenotes,wehavetriedtodescribethecommandsandenvironmentofMilkShape3Dalongwiththeplug-insthatareshippedwith1.8.x,startingwiththesimplestconcepts,describingcommandsbuiltintotheprogramaswellastheplug-ins.Thiswayyoulearnaboutthecommandsinanadditivefashion,whethertheyarepartoftheprogramortheplug-ins.Forinstance,aftercreatingobjectsusingtheprogram’stools,wediscusstheExtendedPrimitivesplug-in,thenthebasiceditingoperations,theplug-intoolsforaligningandflattening,thentheprogram’scommandforextruding,thentheplug-inforextrudingedges,etc.Similarly,extrudingandlathingarebothconsideredtobeeditingoperationsatasimilarlevelofimportance,eventhoughoneisintheprogramandoneisinaplug-in.
Introduction
TheMilkShapecoordinatesystemhasXleft/right(horizontal),Yup/down(vertical),andZisinto/outofthescreen.Thecoordinatesaremeasuredinunits,fromabout–1000toabout1000,where0isatthex,y,zcornermarkerinthecenter.
Thebasicscreenincludes4viewportsandacontrolpanelareaontherightwithtoolsforselectionandcreation.AttherightarefourControlPanels,called“Model”,“Groups”,“Materials”,and“Joints”.Initiallywewilldiscussthe“Model”panel,whichhandlescreationandselectionofmodelparts.UsingtheWindowsmenu,wecanmovethesetotheleftside.
Acrossthebottomisananimationcontrolpanel,calledthekeyframer.Thishasatimelinetoskipthroughanimationframes,andisturnedonbyselectingthe“Anim”buttonatthelowerright.Thisisdiscussedinthesectionon“JointsandAnimation”.
Therecanbeonlyonefileopenatatime.
Themenusare:
File,Edit,Vertex,Face,Animate,Tools,Window,andHelp.However,sincemostoftheimportantcommandshavekeyboardshortcutsorsimilarfacilitiesintheControlPanels,themenusarenotusedallthatoften,withtheexceptionofFileforfilemanagement(open/close/save),andTools(forrunningplug-ins).Sincetheplugshavenostandardnaming,dialogmanagement,oroperation,theyreallycan’tbeplacedintotheControlPanelsorhaveshortcutsprovided.
Viewports
Typically,theviewportsareconfiguredas:
Front
Left
Top
3-d
Topanaviewport,holdControl,clickleft,anddrag.
Tozoomin,whentheSelecttoolisnotactive,holdShift,clickleft,andslidethemouseup.Tozoomout,whentheSelecttoolisnotactive,holdShift,clickleft,andslidethemousedown.Ifyouhaveamousewithawheel,youcanalsozoominandoutusingthewheel.
Thereisacontextmenuthatcanbebroughtupbyrightclickingonaviewport.Thisincludesoptionstoindicatingifshadingandtexturesaretobeshown,tozoomandzoomout,andalsotoFrameAllandFrameSelected,whichwillzoomtoincludeallpartsofthemodel,orjusttheselectedparts.
Eachviewportisadifferentvisualizationofthemodel.Eachistypicallyfocusedonadifferentaxis,isalsowhereyoudotheediting.Thereisanothertypeofviewportthatisthe3Dview(alsocalledPerspectiveview),whichisusedtoseethemodelfromdifferentangles,andalsotoshowthetexturedorshadedmodel.Thereisnoeditinginthe3Dview.
Youcanconditionallyturntheviewportcaptionsonandoff.Turningthemonallowsyoutochangetheviewaxis,to“Top”,“Left”,etc.Eachcaptionhasasetof3numbersinthetitle,asfollows:
∙GridSize/FieldofView:
ThisvaluecanbeusedtochangetheFieldofView.Lowernumbersrestrictthefieldofviewmorebutcanbeusedforzoomingintoobjects.Alargernumberwillcreatearoundedlenseffectorfisheyeeffect.Itisnotcommontochangethisvalueasthedefaultvalueof65givesanequivalentofthewayweseethingsintherealworld.
∙Near:
Boththenearandfarvaluesdealwiththe3dimensionalclippingvolume.TheNearvalueisthedistancefromtheviewpointthatthescenewillbegintobedrawnat.Toseetheeffectthishaszoominclosetoyourmodelandincrementallyadjustthisvalueyouwillseethatthepartsofthemodelclosesttotheviewpointwilldisappearor"
clip"
.Youwillbeabletosee'
inside'
themodelwherepartshavebeen'
clipped'
.Ifyouhaveprogrammedany3DgraphicsandhavehadtodealwithacamerasetupyouwillbefamiliarwiththeconceptofNearandFarvalues.
∙Far:
WhereasNeardealswiththeZclippingplaneclosesttotheviewpointthisdealswiththeclippingplaneatthefarthestpointtheviewpointcanseeto.ThereforedecreasingthisvalueandincreasingtheNearvaluewillcreateanarrowbandofvision.In3Dgamespopupcanoccur(especiallyindrivinggames)wheretheFarvaluehasbeenperhapstoosmall.
Oneviewpointatatimeiscurrent,andistheplacewhereyoulastclicked.Thisisnotindicatedanywhere,butyoucanmakethecurrentviewportexpandtofullsize(occupyingthefullscreen)bypressingthespacebar.Thisisaquickwaytoseemoredetail.
Modeling
AMilkShapemodeliscomposedofthefollowing:
∙Vertex:
asinglepoint
∙Face:
asetofthreevertices.Afacealsohasadirection,bywhichtheverticesarefollowed,andisdiscussedbelow.
∙Group:
acollectionoffaces.Thereareanumberofprimitivesmeshesdefined,suchasb
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