完整版真题英语一docxWord文档下载推荐.docx
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完整版真题英语一docxWord文档下载推荐.docx
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isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?
Andwhereisthenearest
watersource?
Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9,if
youheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10see
1
signsofpeople
Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11
howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyour
bearings.
Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.
13evenindense
fores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andother
pathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmight
canthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,then
walktowardtheglow
oflightpollution.
18,assumingyou'
relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we
leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.
1.
[A]Some[B]Most
[C]Few
[D]All
2.
[A]put
[B]take
[C]run
[D]come
3.
[A]Since
[B]If
[C]Though[D]until
4.
[A]Formally
[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally
2
5.
[A]back
[B]next
[C]around
[D]away
6.
[A]onto
[B]off
[C]across
[D]alone
7.
[A]unattractive
[B]uncrowded
[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar
8.[A]site
[B]point
[C]way
[D]place
9.
[A]So
[B]Yet
[C]Instead
[D]Besides
lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually
11.
[A]surprised
[B]annoyed
[C]frightened
[D]confused
12.
[A]problem
[B]option
[C]view
[D]result
13.
[A]
Aboveall
[B]Incontrast[C]On
average
[D]
For
example
14.
[A]bridge
[B]avoid
[C]spot
[D]separate
15.
[A]form
[B]through
[C]beyond
[D]Under
16.
[A]posts
[B]links
[C]shades
[D]breaks
17.
[A]artificial
[B]mysterious
[C]hidden
[D]limited
18.
Finally
[B]Consequently
[C]Incidentally
Generally
19.
[A]memories
[B]marks
[C]notes
[D]belongings
20.
[A]restrict
[B]adopt
[C]lead
[D]expose
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts,Answerthequestionseachtextby
3
choosingAB.CorD.
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)
Text1
FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.
Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"
clawback"
ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:
morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.
“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.
saystheBankofEngland'
stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical
economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike"
Childrenwho
picktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.
TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshas
4
droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemand
highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearch
ortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"
quarterly
capitalism”.
Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruse
ofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."
Thereseemstobea
predominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-term
investing,”saidCommissioner
DanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.
IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer
performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"
short-termism."
InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"
asubstantialpart"
ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.
Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"
long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode
5
andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompany
investmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.
Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivesto
thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleis
A.enhancebankers'
senseofresponsibilityBhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulationD.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives
22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate
A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsB.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making
C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompaniesD."
short-termism"
ineconomicactivities
23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpublic
6
companiescanbe
A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary
24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrateA.theobstaclestopreventing"
short-termism.
B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.
C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.
25.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism
B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue
C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutivesD.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers
Text2
Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepast
fewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhich
studentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"
-ishelpingraiseGPAs.
Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichthey
receivedalowgrade,and
themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsin
calculatingastudent'
s
overallGPA.
Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinueto
dotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgradationrates.
Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethema
secondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level
courses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,and
evengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.
Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade
itselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramand
gradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."
Untimely."
saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity'
registrar."
weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakea
8
courseanddobetterin
subsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.
Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.For
publicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchas
graduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,mean
moremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendoftheday
arepayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuition
dollars,whichisanotherbig
concernforcolleges.
Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'
expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-or
atleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'
andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.
26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?
9
A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.
B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.
CCollegesneglectofGPAS.
D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.
27.WhatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgivenessA.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.
B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.
C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.
D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.
28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges
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