《英美文学选读》学习方法与技巧Word下载.docx
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《英美文学选读》学习方法与技巧Word下载.docx
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[C]idealism[D]neoclassicism
答案是[D].
(2)作家与作品间的对应关系,如:
JamesJoyceistheauthorofallthe
followingnovelsEXCEPT___________.
[A]Dubliners[B]JudetheObscure
[C]APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan[D]Ulysses
答案是[B].
(3)作家的写作范围及常涉及的主题,如:
Themajorconcernof______fictionliesinthe
tracingofthepsychologicaldevelopment
ofhischaractersandinhisenergetic
criticismofthedehumanizingeffectof
thecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.
[A]CharlesDickens’s[B]D.H.Lawrence’s
[C]ThomasHardy[D]JohnGalsworthy’s
MostofHermanMelville’snovelsarebasedonseavoyagesandseaadventures.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecase﹖
[A]Typee[B]Moby-Dick
[C]Omoo[D]TheConfidence-Man
(4)作家较独特的文风与写作特色,如:
WecanperhapssummarizethatWalt
Whitman’spoemsarecharacterizedbyall
thefollowingfeaturesEXCEPTthatthey
are_________.
[A]conversationalandcasual
[B]lyricalandwell-structured
[C]simpleandrathercrude
[D]free-flowing
答案是[C].
__________isatypicalfeatureofSwift’s
writings.
[A]Bittersatire[B]Elegantstyle
[C]Casualnarration
[D]Complicatedsentencestructure
答案是[A].
上述的分析和分类能使我们遇到的每一位作家时都知道应该从哪些方面入手,一种较好的学习方法就是给每个作家做一张卡片,并用简洁的语言列出上述的四个方面,这样会使我们对一个作家的认识清晰条理,而卡片的方法又可以使我们更有效地利用零碎的时间。
而有关作品则主要从下面这些方面考察:
(1)作品所要传达的中心思想,如
ThetragedyofDr.FaustustheprotagonistinChristopherMarlowe’sTheTragic
HistoryofDr.Faustusistheveryfact
that_________.
[A]manisconfinedtotime
[B]hetriedtojoinAfricaandSpain
[C]hebecameamanwithoutsoulafterhe
soldit
[D]heconjuredupHelentheladywhowastheverycauseoftheTrojanWar
WhichofthefollowingworksconcernsmostconcentratedlytheCalvinisticviewof
originalsin﹖
[A]TheWasteland[B]TheScarletLetter
[C]LeavesofGrass[D]AsIlayDying
(2)对作品中的精华片段,点明主题的段落及词句的识别与理解,如
Thesentence“ShallIcomparetheetoa
summer’sday﹖”isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare’s___________.
[A]comedies[B]tragedies
[C]sonnets[D]histories
(3)对作品中主要人物的姓名与性格特征的识记,如:
“Surface”“Sneerwell”“Backbite”and
“Candour”aremostlikelythenamesofthe
charactersin___________.
[A]Shaw’sMrs.Warren’sProfession
[B]Sheridan’sTheSchoolforScandal
[C]Shakespeare’sLove’sLabour’sLost
[D]ChristopherMarlowe’sDr.Faustus
HereisapassagefromMiddlemarch,anovelbyGeorgeEliot:
“Herbloomingfullpulsedyouthstoodthereinamoralimprisonmentwhichmadeitselfonewiththechillcolourlessnarrowed
landscapewiththeshrunkenfurniture
thenever-readbooksandtheghostly
staginapalefantasticworldthatseemedtobevanishingfromthedaylight.”
Whoistheladymentionedinthequoted
passage﹖
[A]Dorothea[B]Emma[C]Molly[D]Irene
(4)对作品选段中句词或典故的理解和掌握,如:
“Andwherearethey﹖Andwhereartthou,
Mycountry﹖Onthyvoicelessshore
Theheroiclayistunelessnow---
Theheroicbosombeatsnomore”
(GeorgeGordonByronDonJuan)
Intheabovestanza“artthou”literally
means__________.
[A]“areyou”[B]“artthough”
[C]“arethough”[D]“artyou”
InwhichofthefollowingpoemsbyWilliamButlerYeatsdidyoufindtheallusionto
HelenandtheTrojanWar﹖
[A]“SailingtoByzantium”
[B]“LedaandtheSwan”
[C]“TheLakeIsleofInnisfree”
[D]“DownbytheSallyGarden”
(5)一部作品鲜明的基调及文风,如:
“Tobesodistinguishedisanhonorwhichbeingverylittleaccustomedtofavors
fromthegreatIknownotwellhowto
receiveorinwhattermstoacknowledge.”
TheabovequotedsentenceispresentedbySamuelJohnsonwitha(n)___________tone.
[A]delightful[B]jealous
[C]ironic[D]humorous
InHardy’sWessexnovels,thereisan
apparent__________touchinhisdescriptionofthesimpleandbeautifulthoughprimitiverurallife.
[A]humorous[B]romantic
[C]nostalgic[D]sarcastic
在复习文学史的时候,头脑中不仅要清楚英美国家文学的纵向发展历程,如英国文学的发展大致经历了古英语和中世纪文学阶段,文艺复兴时期、新古典主义时期、浪漫主义时期,维多利亚时期和现代文学时期。
我们还需明白各个时期发生的时间、时代特征、主流文学创作的特点和代表作家,除此之外,学生们还要能够对同一文学发展时期两国文学的不同特点进行比较和分析。
如浪漫主义时期,英美两国除了显示出一些相似之处如:
对个性、自然、灵感和想象力的倡导和强调之外,美国社会文化的独特性又决定了其浪漫主义也呈现独特的一面,如清教主义的影响使美国的浪漫主义更偏重道德伦理主题的挖掘。
而向西部殖民扩展的过程还使美国的浪漫主义多了一个文明与野蛮和自然的冲突主题。
也就是说在学习英美文学的过程中我们要始终注意两者之间横向和纵向的比较。
作为英美文学的初学者,学生们们还要了解一些文学的基本术语、概念和常识,而这些知识对于英语语言文学的学习者来说是必备的。
下面这些试题就意在考察同学们对这些基础知识的掌握情况:
如:
TheperiodbeforetheAmericanCivilWariscommonlyreferredtoas___________.
[A]theRomanticPeriod
[B]theRealisticPeriod
[C]theNaturalistPeriod
[D]theModernPeriod
Theterm“tone”inliteraturemeans__________.
[A]soundeffectsuchasrhymeandmetricaldevice
[B]thepitchofawordusedtodetermineitsmeaninginthegivencontext
[C]themannerofexpressiontoindicate
thespeaker’sattitudetowardthesubject
[D]ashadeofcolourtoreflectthechangeoflight
LiteratureofNeoclassicismisdifferent
fromthatofRomanticisminthat__________.
[A]theformercelebratesreason
rationalityorderandinstructionwhile
thelatterseesliteratureasan
expressionofanindividual’sfeelingsandexperiencestheformerisheavily
religious
[B]thelattersecular
[C]theformerisanintellectualmovementthepurposeofwhichistoarousethe
middleclassforpoliticalrightswhile
thelatterisconcernedwiththepersonal
cultivation
[D]theformeradvocatesthe“returnto
nature”whereasthelatterturnstothe
ancientGreekandRomanwritersforits
models
二
英美文学选读课程考试中的主观题占60分,主要分三种题型:
阅读理解、简答题和论述题。
阅读理解多是从作品(尤其是诗歌)中选出一段,请学生们判定此段的出处,与上下文的关系,作家要表达的主要意思,或个别词句的含义及所指。
一般每次会出现四个选段,每题4分。
这里仅举一例:
Thefollowingisapassagetakenfroma
dramaticwork:
HadIasmanysoulsastherebestars
I’dgivethemallforMephistophilis!
ByhimI’llbegreatemperoroftheworld,
Andmakeabridgethroughthemovingair
Topasstheoceanwithabandofmen;
I’lljointhehillsthatbindtheAfric
shore
AndmakethatcountrycontinenttoSpain,
Andbothcontributorytomycrown;
Theemperorshallnotlivebutbymyleave
……
A.Nametheplaywrightandthetitleofthe
workfromwhichthepassageistaken.
B.Namethespeakerofthepassagequoted
above.
C.Usetheabovepassageasaguideand
writedowninoneortwosentencesthe
themeoftheplay.
从引文中急切的口气、言语中贪欲的流露、以及“HasIasmanysouls…IwillgivethemallforMephistophilis”这一线索中,我们可以推断讲话人是浮士德博士,在答第C个问题时,只要能抓住
ambitionboundlessaspiration和fatal
limitation等要点即可,无须长篇大论。
简答题的分值约占24分,每小题6分。
这一题与阅读理解题有相重合的地方,即也会出现一些作品选段请学生们加以分析。
但更多地还会涉及一些基本概念和关于一些主要作家的基本事实和要素,如:
WilliamFaulkner,aNobelPrizewinner,
hasanimportantpositioninAmerican
literature.
A.Nametwoofhismajornovels.
B.Doyouknowanythingabout“YoknapatawphaCountry﹖”
C.WhatisuniqueofFaulkner’sfiction
historicallyandgeographically﹖
参考答案:
A.TheSoundandtheFuryAsILayDying.
(1分)
B.YoknapatawphaCountyisanimagined
placebasedonFaulkner’sownhometown.
ThissmallregionintheAmericanSouth
becomesinFaulkner’sfictionan
allegoryoraparableoftheOldSouth.
(2分)
C.Faulkner’sfictionisuniqueinhis
literaryrepresentationoftheOldSouthandhisthemeofthedeteriorationlossandmoraldecayoftheOldSouthwhenitwasfallingapart.(3分)
最后一道大题是叙述题,占20分,一般是由两道题目组成。
(每题10分,字数不少于150字),可能会涉及一位英国作家,一位美国作家。
当然会选那些在英美文学史中占重要地位的作家。
WhatmakesMarkTwain’sTheAdventuresof
HuckleberryFinnmorethanachild’s
adventurestory﹖Brieflydiscussthe
questionfromTHREEofthefollowing
aspects,thesetting,thelanguage,the
character(s),thethemeandthestyle.
A.LanguageThebookiswritteninthe
colloquialstyle,inthegeneralstandardspeechofuneducatedAmericans.Byusing
skillfullythecolloquialism,MarkTwaincastshisprotagonistsintheireveryday
life.Truthfulnessistherefore
achieved.Moreimportant,withhisgreat
masteryandeffectiveuseofvernacularTwainhasmadecolloquialspeechanacceptedrespectableliterarymediuminthe
literaryhistoryofthecountry.
B.CharactersThebookisbestknownfor
theauthor’swonderfulcharacterizationof“Huck”.Heisessentiallygood-hearted
andinnocent.Hedislikescivilizedwaysbecausetheyarepersonallyrestrictive
andhard.Heisimaginativeandclearandlongsforfreedom.Hisconscienceisalwaystorturedbytwoopposingforcesbetween
hisheartandhisheadbetweenhis
affectionforJimandthelawsofthe
societyagainstthosewhohelpslaves
escape.Witht
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