陕西省渭南市尚德中学《任务型阅读》单元测试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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陕西省渭南市尚德中学《任务型阅读》单元测试题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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sfearswouldn'
tberelieveduntilthecloudsclearedandPolariscamebackintoview.Eventoday,sailorssometimeschoosetosteerbyusingPolarisonclearnights.
________
TheBigDipper,aconstellationthatiswellknowninastrology,appearstorevolvearoundPolaris.ThehandleoftheBigDipperalwayspointstotheNorthStar.Whenpeoplegetlost,it'
scomfortingtoknowthattheirproblemscanberelievedbylookingatthesky.
A.It'
snotdifficulttotellthePolarisapartfromthepileofotherstarsintheuniverse.
B.PeoplewhoarelostcanberelievedbygazingupatPolaris.
C.Byknowingdirectionsandtheirlocation,sailorscouldeasilysteertheirships.
D.TheycoulddestroyentirejourneysbyblockingtheviewofPolaris.
E.It'
scertainthatthePolarisispartofaconstellation(星座),whichisnotfarfromit.
F.Itisspecialbecauseitistheonlystarthatalwaysappearstobeinthesameplaceinthesky.
【答案】F;
C;
D;
A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍北极星对我们的作用和意义。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Therefore,itisagreatcompass(指南针).”可知,因此是一个很好的指南针,讲述北极星的作用,F.Itisspecialbecauseitistheonlystarthatalwaysappearstobeinthesameplaceinthesky.“北极星特殊之处在于它似乎总在天空的同一个位置,”故可以用作指南针,切题,故选F。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“PolarisalsoletsailorsdetermineNorth,South,East,andWest”可知,北极星可以帮助水手确定东南西北方向,C.Byknowingdirectionsandtheirlocation,sailorscouldeasilysteertheirships.“确定方向和位置之后,就可以调整航线”,切题,故选C。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“Tothosewhosailatnight,changeablestormsanddarkcloudsweremorethanannoyingthings.”可知,对于夜间航行的人来说,变幻莫测的风暴和黑云是最让人头疼的,D.TheycoulddestroyentirejourneysbyblockingtheviewofPolaris.“这些东西可以通过遮蔽北极星让整个航线变得困难重重”,紧接前一句,切题,故选D。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“TheBigDipper,aconstellationthatiswellknowninastrology,appearstorevolvearoundPolaris.”可知,北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转,A.It'
snotdifficulttotellthePolarisapartfromthepileofotherstarsintheuniverse.“不难区分北极星和其他星星”,后文讲述北极星的特别之处,切题,故选A。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
2.任务型阅读
ObservationalLearning:
ToSeeIstoKnow
Agroupofpsychologists,ledbyAlbertBandura,developedsociallearningtheory,whichemphasizesthefactthatmuchlearningoccursinasocialcontext.Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorintheirfamiliesandcultures.Bywatchingothers,welearnhowtogreetpeople,eat,laughandtelljokes.Doyoustillrememberyourfirstfewdaysinseniorgradeone?
Bywatchingothers,youlearnedhowpeopletalkedtoeachother,whatclotheswere"
fashionable,"
andhowtointeractwithinstructors.
Withmodeling,youobserveothers'
behaviors,andthennone,some,orallofthesebehaviorsmaybelearnedandrepeated,ormodified.InoneofBandura'
sclassicstudies,childrenweredividedintothreegroups:
OnegroupwatchedanadultbeatingupaBobodoll,onegroupwatchedanadultignoringtheBobodoll,andthethirddidn'
tseeanadultatall.Afterbeingmildlyfrustratedbybeingplacedinaroomwithtoys,butnotbeingallowedtoplaywithsomeofthem,allofthechildrenwerethenplacedinanotherroomwithavarietyoftoys,includingaBobodoll.Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll(andinventingnewwaystoabuseit).
Researchershavediscoveredthatseveralcharacteristicsofmodelscanmakelearningthroughobservationmoreeffective.Notsurprisingly,themoreyoupayattentiontothemodel,themoreyoulearn.Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves,somodelswhoareseenassimilararemorereadilyimitated.Allstudentsneedtoseesuccessful,capablemodelswholookandsoundlikethem.
Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?
Hereareafewguidelines.Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.Forexample,showenthusiasmforthesubjectyouteach.Bewillingtodemonstrateboththementalandthephysicaltasksyouexpectthestudentstoperform.Second,usepeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodels.Forexample,ingroupwork,pairstudentswhodowellwiththosewhoarehavingdifficulties.Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.Examplesincludelettinghighstatusstudentsleadanactivitywhenyouneedclasscooperationorwhenstudentsarelikelytobereluctantatfirst.
________
Andapplicationofobservationallearning
Observationallearningislearningthatoccursthrough________
andimitationofothers.
Observationallearninghelpspeoplelearnhowtobehave________intheirfamiliesandcultures.
Modelsandtheir________
Modelsarethepeoplewhopresentbehaviorforyoutoimitate.
Bandura'
sstudyshowsthatifchildrenobserveanadultbeatingupadoll,theywillbecome________.
Characteristicsofmodelsthatmakeobservationallearningmoreeffective.
Childrenaremore________
toimitatemodelswhoareexperts,goodlooking,powerfulandhavehighstatus.
Models________
toourselvespromoteobservationallearning.
Howtouseobservationallearningin________
Modelingthe________
behaviorsandattitudesisanimportantapproach.
Usingpeers,especiallyclassleaders,asmodelsisanothermethod.
thehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviorisalsoagoodchoice.
【答案】Definition/Concept/Meaning;
observation;
properly/appropriately/well;
impacts;
aggressive/violent/rude;
likely;
similar;
teaching/education/instruction;
desired/expected/target;
Seeking
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍什么是观察学习,观察学习的应用,怎么将观察学习用于教学。
(1)考查信息归纳。
根据右边的内容:
Observationallearningislearningthatoccursthrough________andimitationofothers.可知这是观察学习的定义,故填Definition/Concept/Meaning。
(2)考查词性转化。
根据第一段中的“Thiskindoflearning,whichresultssimplyfromobservingandimitatingthebehaviorsofothers,iscalledobservationallearning.”可知将observing改成observation。
(3)考查词性转化。
根据第一段中的“Observationallearninghelpspeopleacquireproperbehaviorsintheirfamiliesandcultures”可知将proper改成properly/appropriately/well。
(4)考查原词重现。
根据第二段中的“Childreninthefirstgrouptendedtoimitatewhattheyhadseen,mistreatingthedoll(andinventingnewwaystoabuseit)。
”可知看见不好的行为的孩子自己也会学习,有虐待性,故填abusive。
(5)考查原词重现。
根据第二段可知这里介绍榜样的影响,故填impacts。
(6)考查原词重现。
根据第三段中的“Youaremorelikelytopayattentionifthemodelisanexpert,isgoodlooking,hashighstatus,orissociallypowerful.”可知填likely。
(7)考查句意理解。
根据第三段中的“Second,bywatchingothers,welearnaboutwhatbehaviorsareappropriateforpeoplelikeourselves,”可知和我们相像的人会促进观察学习。
like="
similar"
to,故填similar。
(8)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Then,asteachers,howcanyouapplyobservationallearning?
”可知怎么将观察学习应用于教学中,故填teaching/education/instruction。
(9)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Aboveall,modelthebehaviorsandattitudesyoudesireyourstudentstolearn.”可知将desire改成desired/expected/targeted。
(10)考查词性转化。
根据第四段中的“Third,youmayseekthehelpofclassleadersinmodelingbehaviors.”可知将seek改成Seeking。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳,词性转化和原词重现三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识,写出正确的答案。
3.(2019•江苏)请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
TheCostofThinking
Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.
Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.
Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'
snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(倾骨).It'
sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'
senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhum
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